一种基于全变分理论的红外背景杂波抑制算法

针对复杂背景下的小目标检测问题,提出基于全变分理论的单帧红外图像空域背景杂波抑制算法.分析红外图像背景抑制的最大后验概率模型,引入全变分的概念作为背景图像的先验信息,描述估计背景的平滑度约束,从而转化为泛函极值问题进行求解.估计背景在满足对观测图像数据依赖的同时,能够保留背景图像的边缘信息,有效降低复杂背景灰度值起伏较大处的虚警.通过仿真实验验证了算法的可行性和有效性,分析结果表明其背景抑制性能较传统算法有较大提高,算法架构适用于大数据图像并行处理的工程实现.     

对马海峡决定性会战

六六舰队 日本政府深知要成为世界第一等的强国，占据国际政治体系食物链的顶端，就必须扩充军备，成为与西方诸列强一样的强国。虽然日本在甲午战争中打败了清廷，但日本的舰船制造技术距离西方诸强国还很落后，为了扶植本国的造舰工业．     

Solar wind interaction with lunar crustal magnetic anomalies

Using Lunar Prospector data, we review the magnetic field and electron signatures of solar wind interaction with lunar crustal magnetic sources. Magnetic field amplifications, too large to represent direct measurements of crustal fields, appear in the solar wind over strong crustal sources, with the chance of observing these amplifications depending on upstream solar wind parameters. We often observe increases in low-energy (?100 eV) electron energy fluxes simultaneously with large magnetic field amplifications, consistent with an increase in plasma density across a shock surface. We also often observe low frequency wave activity in the magnetic field data (both broadband turbulence and monochromatic waves), often associated with electron energization, sometimes up to keV energies. Electron energization appears to be correlated more closely with wave activity than with magnetic amplifications. Detailed studies of the interaction region will be necessary in order to understand the physics of the Moon–solar wind interaction. At present, the Moon represents the only natural laboratory available to us to study solar wind interaction with small-scale crustal magnetic fields, though simulation results and theoretical work can also help us understand the physical processes at work.     

以人为本:非营利组织社会营销的核心理念

社会营销作为非营利组织营销的一种新的发展趋势,抛弃了传统营销思维中只重视产品的观念,更加注重消费者欲望需求的满足,更加关爱顾客,重视消费者的利益,体现了新的科学发展观以"人"为本的新的营销理念.     

空用数字影像纪录器——韩制新型航电装备

飞行纪录器是现代军机相当重要的航电装备，特别是对教练机来说，对这项装备对其功能的发挥有相当关键性的影响。韩国在研发出T-50教练机后，需要一种全程型纪录器来匹配，经过数年终于研发出空用数字影像纪录器（Airborne Digital Video Recorder，ADVR）。     

Microphysics of Cosmic Plasmas: Background, Motivation and Objectives

With the maturing of space plasma research in the solar system, a more general approach to plasma physics in general, applied to cosmic plasmas, has become appropriate. There are both similarities and important differences in describing the phenomenology of space plasmas on scales from the Earth’s magnetosphere to galactic and inter-galactic scales. However, there are important aspects in common, related to the microphysics of plasma processes. This introduction to a coordinated collection of papers that address the several aspects of the microphysics of cosmic plasmas that have unifying themes sets out the scope and ambition of the broad sweep of topics covered in the volume, together with an enumeration of the detailed objectives of the coverage.     

RFNN control for PMLSM drive via backstepping technique

A robust fuzzy neural network (RFNN) control system is proposed in this study to control the position of the mover of a permanent magnet linear synchronous motor (PMLSM) drive system to track periodic reference trajectories. First, an ideal feedback linearization control law is designed based on the backstepping technique. Then, a fuzzy neural network (FNN) controller is designed to be the main tracking controller of the proposed RFNN control system to mimic an ideal feedback linearization control law, and a robust controller is proposed to confront the shortcoming of the FNN controller. Moreover, to relax the requirement for the bound of uncertainty term, which comprises a minimum approximation error, optimal parameter vectors and higher order terms in Taylor series, an adaptive bound estimation is investigated where a simple adaptive algorithm is utilized to estimate the bound of uncertainty. Furthermore, the simulated and experimental results due to periodic reference trajectories demonstrate that the dynamic behaviors of the proposed control systems are robust with regard to uncertainties.     

X-ray and extreme ultraviolet emissions from comets

There is significant progress in the observations, theory, and understanding of the x-ray and EUV emissions from comets since their discovery in 1996. That discovery was so puzzling because comets appear to be more efficient emitters of x-rays than the Moon by a factor of 80 000. The detected emissions are general properties of comets and have been currently detected and analyzed in thirteen comets from five orbiting observatories. The observational studies before 2000 were based on x-ray cameras and low resolution (E/δE ≈ 1.5-3) instruments and focused on the morphology of xrays, their correlations with gas and dust productions in comets and with the solar x-rays and the solar wind. Even those observations made it possible to choose uniquely charge exchange between the solar wind heavy ions and cometary neutrals as the main excitation process. The recently published spectra are of much better quality and result in the identification of the emissions of the multiply charged ions of O, C, Ne, Mg, and Si which are brought to comets by the solar wind. The observed spectra have been used to study the solar wind composition and its variations. Theoretical analyses of x-ray and EUV photon excitation in comets by charge exchange, scattering of the solar photons by attogram dust particles, energetic electron impact and bremsstrahlung, collisions between cometary and interplanetary dust, and solar x-ray scattering and fluorescence in comets have been made. These analyses confirm charge exchange as the main excitation mechanism, which is responsible for more than 90% of the observed emission, while each of the other processes is limited to a few percent or less. The theory of charge exchange and different methods of calculation for charge exchange are considered. Laboratory studies of charge exchange relevant to the conditions in comets are reviewed. Total and state-selective cross sections of charge exchange measured in the laboratory are tabulated. Simulations of synthetic spectra of charge exchange in comets are discussed. X-ray and EUV emissions from comets are related to different disciplines and fields such as cometary physics, fundamental physics, x-rays spectroscopy, and space physics.This revised version was published online in July 2005 with a corrected cover date.     

自适应预测控制在轮胎胎面缠绕系统的应用

论文叙述了轮胎胎面缠绕成型的基本原理,针对一类具有大滞后及模型慢时变的轮胎胎面缠绕控制系统,提出了一种自适应预测控制方案,在胎面缠绕系统的组成及控制原理进行分析的基础上,对其自适应预测控制进行了仿真研究。该方案增强了系统的跟踪性及鲁棒性。     

Adaptive recurrent-neural-network control for linear inductionmotor

In this study an adaptive recurrent-neural-network controller (ARNNC) is proposed to control a linear induction motor (LIM) servo drive. First, the secondary flux of the LIM is estimated with an adaptive flux observer on the stationary reference frame and the feedback linearization theory is used to decouple the thrust force and the flux amplitude of the LIM. Then, an ARNNC is proposed to control the mover of the LIM for periodic motion. In the proposed controller, the LIM servo drive system is identified by a recurrent-neural-network identifier (RNNI) to provide the sensitivity information of the drive system to an adaptive controller. The backpropagation algorithm is used to train the RNNI on line. Moreover, to guarantee the convergence of identification and tracking errors, analytical methods based on a discrete-type Lyapunov function are proposed to determine the varied learning rates of the RNNI and the optimal learning rate of the adaptive controller. The effectiveness of the proposed control scheme is verified by both the simulated and experimental results. Furthermore, the advantages of the proposed control system are indicated in comparison with the sliding mode control system