虚拟维修技术研究与应用

针对虚拟维修在建模与仿真等核心环节的研究中存有很大局限的问题,提出了虚拟维修方法体系,探讨虚拟维修理论与方法,在此基础上开展虚拟维修模型与仿真控制方法的深入研究.提出虚拟维修模型即维修任务网(MTN,Maintenance Task Net),MTN基于Petri网可描述维修过程,可表达维修过程中资源、活动和约束.提出MTN驱动虚拟仿真的触发规则及建立控制虚拟维修仿真机制.通过飞机典型设备维修案例对提出的虚拟维修模型和控制机制进行了实例验证,应用结果验证了建模与仿真方法的有效性,为支持维修性工程应用提供了可行的技术途径.      

单壁碳纳米管冲击吸能特性分析

碳纳米管的优异力学特性使其在冲击能量吸收方面存在潜在的应用前景,但纳米尺度的冲击验证实验却难以实现.应用分子结构力学、冲击动力学和纳米尺度有限元相结合的方法,研究了单壁碳纳米管受轴向冲击的吸能特性.使用ANSYS中APDL编程语言,建立了单壁碳纳米管的空间结构参数化模型;同时,采用修正的Morse原子势函数拟合了C-C共价键的本构方程.按照最大失效应变作为共价键断裂的判据,对比了长度、直径和手性对单壁碳纳米管冲击吸能的影响.结果表明:采用这种仿真方法可以动态呈现碳纳米管断裂的全过程,且能够证实单壁碳纳米管的比吸能远高于其他材质类似管状结构,其中,锯齿型碳纳米管的吸能特性又好于扶手椅型.      

基于自相关及相位差法的高精度频率估计算法

为提高高斯白噪声背景中正弦信号的频率估计精度,对基于自相关运算的频率估计算法的相关长度m进行了推导,得到了m的优化值与信噪比的关系式.当信噪比较高时,m的最优值为N/3(N为信号采样点数);信噪比较低时,m的最优值为N/2.通过对自相关法及分段FFT(Fast Fourier Transforms)相位差法特性的分析,提出了一种性能更优的频率估计综合算法. Monte Carlo仿真实验表明:新算法吸收了两种算法的优点,克服了其不足,在更大的信噪比范围内具有较高的频率估计精度,且计算量也较小.      

三维发动机进气道水滴撞击特性分析

用带数值扩散项的欧拉法对某型三维发动机进气道水滴撞击特性进行了研究.实现了可压流场中三维复杂形体的局部水滴收集系数的计算.数值扩散项的引入解决了欧拉法计算产生奇异结果发散的问题.通过对不同进气道流量的算例结果的比较,发现进气道流量对进气道唇口附近的水滴撞击区和撞击量都有影响.进气量大,最大局部水滴收集系数也大.通过对有无整流罩的计算结果进行比较,发现此型发动机整流罩对水滴撞击特性的影响很小.      

Observational Aspects of Particle Acceleration in Large Solar Flares

Solar flares efficiently accelerate electrons to several tens of MeV and ions to 10 GeV. The acceleration is usually thought to be associated with magnetic reconnection occurring high in the corona, though a shock produced by the Coronal Mass Ejection (CME) associated with a flare can also accelerate particles. Diagnostic information comes from emission at the acceleration site, direct observations of Solar Energetic Particles (SEPs), and emission at radio wavelengths by escaping particles, but mostly from emission from the chromosphere produced when the energetic particles bombard the footpoints magnetically connected to the acceleration region. This paper provides a review of observations that bear upon the acceleration mechanism.     

Attitude Control Considering Variable Input Saturation Limit for a Spacecraft Equipped with Flywheels

A new attitude controller is proposed for spacecraft whose actuator has variable input saturation limit. There are three identical flywheels orthogonally mounted on board. Each rotor is driven by a brushless DC motor (BLDCM). Models of spacecraft attitude dynamics and flywheel rotor driving motor electromechanics are discussed in detail. The controller design is similar to saturation limit linear assignment. An auxiliary parameter and a boundary coefficient are imported into the controller to guarantee system stability and improve control performance. A time-varying and state-dependent flywheel output torque saturation limit model is established. Stability of the closed-loop control system and asymptotic convergence of system states are proved via Lyapunov methods and LaSalle invariance principle. Boundedness of the auxiliary parameter ensures that the control objective can be achieved, while the boundary parameter’s value makes a balance between system control performance and flywheel utilization efficiency. Compared with existing controllers, the newly developed controller with variable torque saturation limit can bring smoother control and faster system response. Numerical simulations validate the effectiveness of the controller.     

压气机叶片气动阻尼的改善设计

针对气动阻尼在强迫响应分析中的应用现状,提出了一种在叶型基本确定的条件下进一步设计气动阻尼的方法.该方法只对叶片基元级的积叠轴做微小的调整,这种调整对叶栅流场气动特性和固有频率的影响很小,可以忽略不计.研究了积叠轴调整对叶片气动阻尼的影响,得出在不需要大量流场计算的条件下,即可判断如何调整叶片积叠轴以达到增加气动阻尼目的的结论.在分析中用振型相似度衡量叶片模态振型与气动阻尼比的关系,相似度越小气动阻尼比越大.      

RTM 用R801 树脂工艺及性能

对一种新型RTM用双马来酰亚胺树脂R801的固化反应特性、成型工艺及其制备的复合材料性能进行了研究,DSC曲线表明该树脂体系的固化温度为170～220℃;黏度随温度变化曲线表明在70～120℃,树脂黏度增长缓慢,具有不少于7 h的适用期;在90℃左右时,其初始黏度<100 mPa.s,工艺操作窗口时间≥10 h;该树脂制备的MT300碳纤维复合材料在300℃时的压缩、弯曲、层剪性能保持率均≥63%。     

An alternative Shell inversion technique - Analysis and validation based on COSMIC and ionosonde data

Multi-channel Global Positioning System (GPS) carrier phase signals, received by the six low Earth orbiting (LEO) satellites from the Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate (COSMIC) program, were used to undertake active limb sounding of the Earth’s atmosphere and ionosphere via radio occultation. In the ionospheric radio occultation (IRO) data processing, the standard Shell inversion technique (SIT), transformed from the traditional Abel inversion technique (AIT), is widely used, and can retrieve good electron density profiles. In this paper, an alternative SIT method is proposed. The comparison between different inversion techniques will be discussed, taking advantage of the availability of COSMIC datasets. Moreover, the occultation results obtained from the SIT and alternative SIT at 500 km and 800 km, are compared with ionosonde measurements. The electron densities from the alternative SIT show excellent consistency to those from the SIT, with strong correlations over 0.996 and 0.999 at altitudes of 500 km and 800 km, respectively, and the peak electron densities (N_mF₂) from the alternative SIT are equivalent to the SIT, with 0.839 vs. 0.844, and 0.907 vs. 0.909 correlation coefficients when comparing to those by the ionosondes. These results show that: (1) the N_mF₂ and h_mF₂ retrieved from the SIT and alternative SIT are highly consistent, and in a good agreement with those measured by ionosondes, (2) no matter which inversion technique is used, the occultation results at the higher orbits (∼800 km) are better than those at the lower orbits (∼500 km).     

固体火箭冲压发动机补燃室硅基绝热层烧蚀模型

为了评估固冲发动机硅基绝热层的烧蚀性能,对硅基绝热层的烧蚀形成机制进行了分析并建立了数值模型。硅基绝热层烧蚀由气动冲蚀,化学烧蚀,颗粒剥蚀三个部分构成。数值结果表明,硅基绝热层失效的主要原因是气动冲蚀,化学烧蚀与颗粒剥蚀影响较小。理论计算同试验获得的烧蚀形态基本吻合,冲压发动机严重烧蚀部位在进气道两侧的下游区域。从结构设计上看,冲压发动机防隔热设计的重点应是降低冲压发动机气流冲蚀影响。