学部制下提升高校学生核心就业能力的有效途径研究

高校学部制下办学,可以更广领域和更宽视野来审视我们的高校专业教育,既要考虑社会的现实需求,也要考虑未来社会对人才的要求;既要考虑学生的就业,也要兼顾学生发展潜力和应对未来世界挑战的核心竞争能力。在学部制办学背景下,探讨如何利用学部优势,提升包括大学生学习能力、创新能力上岗能力等核心就业能力,全方位的培养具有复合型知识结构和能力结构,核心竞争力强的厚基础、宽口径复合型人才。     

疏导热防护的冷却机制

利用固体介质快速传导特性进行防热是疏导热防护的一个重要机制,但现有的固体介质在高热流梯度区会出现净热流为负的现象,即流向传导的阻塞效应,它会严重影响高热流区的热量向低热流区的快速传递.本文提出的增加固体介质的导热系数和采用高温热管冷却是两个可以有效解决传导阻塞问题的方案.通过数值模拟评估了这二种方案对解决流向传递的阻塞问题的有效性,给出了一些规律性的结果.     

低雷诺数下高负荷轴流压气机表面粗糙度流动调控机制

以某1.5级高负荷轴流压气机为研究对象,采用经过校核的数值模拟手段详细探究了低雷诺数下表面粗糙度对其气动性能及内部流场的影响.结果表明:相比于光滑叶片,表面粗糙度为137.8时压气机性能提升最为明显,总压比、堵塞流量以及峰值效率分别提升4.01％、2.24％、5.34％.在整个表面粗糙度大小范围内,表面粗糙度布置在吸力...     

Progress on Solar Physics Research in China

The progress on Chinese Space Solar Telescope (SST) in 2002-2004 is introduced. The documentations on plans and outlines based on the standards of Chinese aerospace industry for SST mission has been fulfilled. The key technical problems of SST satellite platform and payloads are tackled during pre-study stage of the mission. The laboratory assembly and calibration of the main optical telescope of 1.2 m spherical mirror and 1 m plain mirror have been carried out with the accuracy of λ/40 and λ/30, respectively. The prototype at 17.1 nm for extreme ultraviolet telescope is under development and manufacture with a diameter of 13 cm. Its primary and secondary mirrors have a manufacturing error of 5 nm with a roughness degree of less than 0.5 nm and a multiplayer reflection factor of better than 20%. The on-board scientific data processing unit has been developed. Prototypes for other payloads such as H. and white light telescope, wide band spectroscopy in high energy and solar and interplanetary radio spectrometer have been developed accordingly.     

Sensor calibration impacts on dust detection based on MODIS and VIIRS thermal emissive bands

Dust detection using remotely sensed measurements has been one of the challenging problems encountered by atmospheric scientists. MODerate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on the Terra (T) and Aqua (A) platforms have been a versatile sensor for well over 21 and 18 years respectively, and have been extremely useful in the retrieval of aerosol information over the entire globe. The MODIS radiances from the Level 1B in general are expected to be within 5% accuracy in the reflective wavelengths and within 1% in the thermal emissive wavelengths. In this paper, we evaluate the sensitivity of previously developed dust detection technique based on thermal emissive wavelengths, which correspond to MODIS bands 20, 29, 31, and 32 respectively. The Thermal Emissive Dust Index (TEDI) performed very comparably to the traditional Aerosol Optical Thickness (AOT) retrievals by MODIS reflective channels. Since the MODIS Thermal Emissive Bands (TEB) are well calibrated on-orbit using a BlackBody (BB) source, the calibration of these long wave infrared bands is quite robust. As A-MODIS continues to perform well beyond its designed lifetime of 6 years, the instrument has undergone various levels of degradation during its mission time. As a consequence, it is imperative to check the impacts of calibration on the higher-level retrievals. In this paper, we rigorously analyze the sensitivity of TEDI due to the impact of calibration by the afore-mentioned TEB. The perturbation of the dominant (linear) calibration term demonstrated the following: first, there was a correlation in the sensitivity of the TEDI due to the uncertainty in the linear calibration term. Based on a perturbation in the linear calibration term for all aforementioned bands over a range of ±5% yielded the TEDI sensitivity to vary from approximately ?3.2% to about ?3.6%. When considering the uncertainty in each individual band significant changes were observed. The least change was observed for the perturbation in the calibration of band 20 with the TEDI sensitivity and the largest sensitivity in TEDI was observed in the perturbation of band 31 calibration. Thus, in the case of TEDI, noticeable sensitivity due to calibration uncertainty was observed in bands 29, 31, and 32, reiterating the importance of the TEB calibration in these bands. Also, the dust detection scheme based on A-MODIS was successfully transferred to the follow-on sensors such as Suomi (SNPP) and NOAA 20 (N20) VIIRS. The results presented in this paper would be extremely helpful in understanding impacts of calibration on the higher-level products for both current and future missions based on the MODIS heritage. Finally, the work also identifies the importance of radiometric fidelity in maintaining the accuracy of the dust detection. Results presented will show drastic improvement of the Saharan dust detection after the reduction of the electronic crosstalk in the 8.5 µm channel of T-MODIS.     

超临界自然层流机翼设计及基于TSP技术的边界层转捩风洞试验

为了实现绿色航空节能减排的目标,层流设计技术成为飞行器设计者的研究热点。对于跨声速客机而言,超临界自然层流机翼设计技术将显著减小飞行阻力,提升气动性能,减少燃油消耗和污染物排放。首先,基于高精度边界层转捩预测技术耦合翼型优化设计系统,实现超临界自然层流翼型设计;经过合理的翼型配置,形成超临界自然层流机翼。转捩数值模拟分析结果表明,超临界自然层流机翼的层流流动特性良好。然后,以比例为1：10.4的试验模型在荷兰高速低湍流度风洞进行边界层转捩风洞试验,使用温度敏感材料涂层（TSP）技术拍照获得机翼表面在不同马赫数、雷诺数和迎角工况下的层流-湍流分布。最后,通过超临界自然层流机翼边界层转捩试验结果,探讨了该类型机翼的转捩特性随来流参数的变化规律,总结了超临界自然层流机翼设计的关键因素。此外,该模型也可用来验证边界层转捩预测技术在超临界、高雷诺数工况下的预测精度。     

负错位密封静力与动力特性的数值研究

提出了一种抑制气流激振力的负错位密封结构,建立了基于瞬态流场CFD动网格技术的负错位密封静力与动力特性求解模型,分析了偏心率、错位率等因素对密封泄漏量、周向压力、气流力与动力特性系数及密封转子稳定性的影响.结果表明:密封的泄漏量随偏心率与错位率的增加而增大;密封间隙流体周向压力呈正弦规律分布;与传统圆形密封相比,负错位密封形成发散的楔形间隙,降低流体动压效应,降低周向压力差,减小密封的切向力;随着偏心率的增加,密封的直接与交叉刚度以及交叉阻尼的绝对值均增大,直接阻尼降低;与传统圆形密封结构相比,该型密封可有效降低密封的交叉刚度,增加主阻尼,提高等效刚度与等效阻尼,改善了密封的稳定性.      

高超声速再入飞船气体热辐射计算边界虚网格方法

针对再入飞行器激波层辐射加热,应用有限体积法计算辐射传输方程,引入了一种边界处理方式——虚网格方法,根据化学非平衡流场数据,计算出飞行器表面辐射加热热流。通过分析发现:采用虚网格方法处理辐射传输边界,能够确保真正的边界条件得到应用,满足真实的物理意义,且辐射传输计算的空间网格、立体角网格、初始温度值的收敛性很好,计算结果精度误差小于2.5%。利用虚网格方法计算飞船再入返回时的辐射加热,结果表明计算所得壁面辐射热流与其他研究者辐射热流计算结果符合良好。      

法兰连接密封结构的贮存可靠性分析

确定了固体火箭发动机法兰连接密封结构的失效模式，并用多模式结构可靠性分析方法对法兰连接密封结构的可靠性进行了分析和评估，给出了对接密封结构的可靠性随时间的规律，以及长期贮存的可靠寿命。     

高超声速钝球柱外形表面热流分布研究

文章采用数值求解雷诺平均Navier-Stokes方程方法对高超声速钝球柱地面试验模型进行了计算,比较了不同头部半径和肩部半径条件下表面热流的分布特征。研究表明：钝球柱头部区域表面热流分布与头部半径和肩部半径紧密相关。其中,头部半径对热流分布特征和热流大小均存在显著影响。当头部半径较小时,头部区域热流呈现双峰值分布,热流由驻点峰值逐渐下降,接近肩部时开始上升,至肩部峰值点后又继续下降。随着头部半径的增大,驻点热流减小,肩部热流增加,双峰值分布逐渐演变为单峰值分布,热流由驻点单调上升至肩部峰值点;相对于头部半径,肩部半径主要影响热流大小,驻点热流和肩部热流均随肩部半径的增大而增加,不同肩部半径计算模型的头部热流分布规律基本一致。