蒙特卡罗法仿真实例及其结果分析

为研究大型复杂系统的可靠性问题，利用蒙特卡罗法可靠性数字仿真法，在Windows操作平台上采用Fortran PowerSationV4.0编程工具开发了相应的仿真实例。实验表明，具体仿真计算结果与理论分析结论吻合，从而显示出蒙特卡罗仿真法处理可靠性问题的优越性，对多个可靠性数字仿真实验的分析表明，不同系统的故障树可靠性仿真具有相似的模式，仿真程序具有普通的适用性。     

航天器自主运行技术的进展

阐述了航天器自主运行的概念、目标和任务。对自主运行和传统测控方式进行了比较。最后重点介绍了航天器自主运行技术的进展情况。文章分4个部分介绍自主运行技术。首先介绍了2种自主运行体系结构，它们是自主运行各种功能集成的基础。第2部分介绍了2种智能规划与调度技术。第3部分介绍了基于模型的故障诊断与系统重构技术。第4部分介绍了有效载荷数据自主处理的进展情况。最后进行了总结并介绍了与自主运行相关的其他技术。     

横流转捩模型参数不确定度量化分析与应用研究

为获得横流转捩模型重要参数在不同工况下对转捩结果的定量影响规律并尝试获得更加准确可靠的转捩模型预测结果,开展了基于非嵌入式多项式混沌(NIPC)方法的横流转捩模型参数不确定度量化分析、参数敏感性分析及其应用研究。不确定度量化分析方面,对基于γ-Re_(θt)模型的完全当地化横流转捩模型的重要模型参数进行了拉丁超立方抽样,通过有限参数样本的S-K低速平板和无限展长后掠翼的数值计算,运用非嵌入式多项式混沌方法,定量分析了模型参数在不同类型转捩流场中的影响效能。在应用研究方面,以不确定度与参数敏感性定量分析结果为指导,对模型参数进行了横流诱导转捩条件下的筛选与标定,在NLF(2)-0415后掠翼、6:1标准椭球体以及DLR-F4翼身组合体算例中进行了验证,标定后的模型对多个算例的三维边界层横流转捩进行了较好的预测。     

临界阻尼比法在POGO振动稳定性分析中的适用性

以典型的单元推进剂液体火箭模型为例,通过Hurwitz稳定性判据导出POGO振动稳定的充分必要条件,在此基础上深入研究阻尼比等参数对POGO振动稳定性的影响机理。研究发现,当结构阻尼比小于推进系统阻尼比时,结构阻尼比对于POGO振动稳定性的影响是单调上升的,此时临界阻尼比法是适用的;当结构阻尼比大于推进系统阻尼比时,结构阻尼比对于POGO振动稳定性的影响则是非单调和复杂的,增加结构阻尼比,可能提高系统稳定性,也可能降低系统稳定性,此时临界阻尼比法已不适用。相同的结论适用于推进系统阻尼比。本文还进一步指出结构与推进系统的耦合强度是POGO振动稳定性的决定因素。     

旋转状态下S型带肋通道流动特性数值研究

为了更好地了解涡轮叶片内冷完整通道中流体的流动特性,数值研究了肋、转弯以及旋转对完整S型带肋通道流动特性的影响.雷诺数为17000,3个出口的出流比分别为27%,49%,24%,旋转数取0,0.03,0.06,0.09.结果表明:通道1靠近前缘侧阻塞比高,肋的扰流作用强,流体速度较低.转弯引起流体流动分离,使转弯下游通道中的主流发生偏移,通道3靠近分隔板侧存在较大范围低速区.旋转产生的切向哥氏力使流体向哥氏力指向面偏移,通道2与通道3主流分别偏向吸力面与压力面.旋转影响通道中二次流的分布,增强转弯下游低速回流涡区域流体的流动.      

基于仿真模型的短距起飞性能优化

短距起飞较垂直起飞可有效提升各类特种飞行器的有效载荷与起降安全性,因此具有重要意义.基于纵向飞行力学模型,针对某小型无人倾转旋翼飞机建立其短距起飞仿真模型,以起飞距离为目标函数,对操纵变量采用遗传算法进行优化.优化结果表明,存在一定的升降舵操纵策略使得起飞距离最小化;起飞采用固定的短舱倾转角与起飞质量存在一定的最佳匹配关系;起飞过程中对动力短舱倾转角进行合理操纵则能进一步缩短起飞距离.考虑到仿真模型与优化问题在数学上的普适性,该方法适用于包括传统固定翼飞机和直升机的其他类飞行器的短距起飞性能优化.      

基于自适应差分进化和BP网络的罗盘误差补偿

To improve the acuuracy of heading angle measured by electronic compass, a new error compensation method is proposed based on adaptive differential evolution algorithm and BP neural network. In the method, the 3 layer BP neural network is used to model heading angle error, and adaptive differential evolution algorithm is adopted to train the weights of network, thus obtaining a more exact error model, and compensating the heading angle error measured by electronic compass. Compared with other compensation methods such as 8 position least squares, BP neural network, differential evolution algorithm for optimizing BP neural network, and so on, its error compensation accuracy is significantly improved, the method has strong global optimization ability, great convergence rate, good stability, and so on. The experimental results show that after compensation, the error range of heading angle is decreased from -16°~30.7° to -0.22° ~0.2°, which satisfies the needs of higher accuracy navigation systems.     

不同飞行工况下的某高超飞行器流道特征及气动力特性研究

对一种类似于X-43A飞行器的一体化构形进行了全三维数值仿真模拟,将前体下表面侧沿程静压分布的计算结果与实验结果进行了对比,二者吻合较好,表明数值模拟方法正确,结果可信.在此基础上研究了不同飞行工况下飞行器流道特征及气动力特性的变化.研究结果表明:①研究范围内来流马赫数的变化对全流道的流动结构和全机气动力特性有着一定影响,使得飞行器全机的升阻比略有下降;②随着飞行攻角的改变,全流道的流动结构和升力系数变化显著,而阻力系数的变化并不明显;③侧滑角导致了不对称的流动结构,但在本文的研究范围内其进气道以及全机的气动特性的不利影响并不明显.      

聚(2-丙稀酰胺-2-甲基丙磺酸)-聚苯胺共聚物膜电磁屏蔽性能

用溶液法在ITO玻璃上依次沉积了稀硫酸掺杂聚苯胺(PANI)膜和聚(2-丙稀酰胺-2-甲基丙磺酸)-聚苯胺共聚物膜,利用SEM和FTIR对两种薄膜的表面形貌及分子链基团结构进行了分析,讨论了薄膜的电导率和电化学性能.结果表明:聚(2-丙稀酰胺-2-甲基丙磺酸)-聚苯胺共聚物膜有较理想的物理化学性能,电化学性稳定,循环100次后,循环伏安曲线变化较小;当PAMPS-PANI膜的厚度为230 nm时,它的电导率可达到0.398 S/cm,室温时电导率可调,是较理想的电磁屏蔽材料.     

Exploring for natural gas using reflectance spectra of surface soils

Reflectance spectra in the visible and near-infrared wavelengths provide a rapid and inexpensive means for determining the mineralogy of samples and obtaining information on chemical composition. Hydrocarbon microseepage theory establishes a cause-and-effect relation between oil and gas reservoirs and some special surface anomalies, which mainly include surface hydrocarbon microseepage and related alterations. Therefore, we can explore for oil, gas by determining reflectance spectra of surface anomalies. This idea has been applied to the R&D project of exploring for natural gas in Qinghai province of China using NASA EO-1 satellite with the Hyperion sensor (June 2005 to June 2006). In this project, in order to improve the accuracy of exploration targets of natural gas mapped in the field studied, an integrated practical system of exploration of oil and gas was built by the analysis of not only hyperspectral remote sensing data but also data provided from field work. In this paper, our efforts were focused on the analysis of the 799 reflectance spectra provided from the field work. In order to properly define the typical form of hydrocarbon microseepage with spectroscopy and fulfill the data analysis, it was necessary to build a spectral model. In this spectral model the most important features of hydrocarbon microseepage in the surface of our study area, i.e., diagnostic spectral macroscopic features and diagnostic spectral absorption features, were proposed and extracted, respectively. The distribution of coexisting anomalies, which results from both alteration minerals and hydrocarbons, is estimated by the diagnostic macroscopic features mainly using Spectral Angle Mapper (SAM) classifier. On the other hand, the diagnostic absorption features of two main absorption bands presented abundant local information, based on deep analysis of which, we are able to map the anomalies of alteration minerals and hydrocarbons, respectively. Additionally, a general framework of analysis and key classification algorithms applied to the Hyperion data have been introduced briefly. In our work, three exploration targets of natural gas were identified from the study area which covers 2100 km². In the three exploration targets, three wildcats have been drilled by China National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC) since July 2006, and all the three wells have been proven some industrial reserves.