航天器公用空间搭载试验平台设计

我国航天器搭载试验包括空间材料实验、航天医学实验和航天新技术验证试验,具有数据量大、需要实时传输、工作模式多样等特点。文章根据试验项目的需求,设计了应用于低轨道航天器的支持各类空间搭载试验项目的公用试验平台。地面测试验证和在轨运行情况表明,该平台在不影响飞行器平台安全的同时,满足了对试验项目的工作控制、遥测监视及试验数据传输管理的任务要求。     

卫星导航和惯性导航与时间和空间的理论

从卫星导航和惯性导航的测速定位机理分析出发讨论了时间和空间理论的有关基本问题。提供了一种卫星导航的原理完备的观测方程形式,包括惯性和非惯性物理效应。着重讨论了洛伦兹一次项的效应,伽里略变换自然进化到洛伦兹变换,“同地性”的相对性自然导致“同时性”的相对性。从卫星导航的单程光（电磁）信号的特点出发讨论了爱因斯坦“往”和“返”双程光信号定义带来的困惑。指出哈勃红移是超低速度和超大距离的狭义相对论效应验证。用爱因斯坦对惯性质量和引力质量等效原理的论述,论证了惯性导航的理论基础和超过 3×10 8m/s的速度测量机理。     

高超声速低温喷管横向射流混合反应过程的非定常数值模拟

基于混合RANS/LES (Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes/large eddy simulation)方法模拟了高超声速低温(HYLTE)喷管倾斜入射横向射流的非定常混合反应过程,研究了不同副喷管喷射角和副喷管间距对射流穿透、混合以及总压损失的影响.计算表明,射流穿透深度和混合程度随着副喷管喷射角的增大而增大,但是总压损失也随之增大;副喷管间距增大,燃料射流的穿透深度增大而且总压损失略有减小,但反转旋涡对(CVP)的集中会造成射流与来流的接触面积减小,侧面混合变差.因此优化副喷管喷射角和间距对于提高HYLTE喷管混合性能乃至激光器光学性能都十分重要.通过模拟HYLTE喷管和光腔耦合区域的12组分23方程的反应流场发现,在中心线附近有较强的小信号增益系数,混合RANS/LES相比RANS方法更能反映流场变量的细节变化.      

基于FE-SEA方法的卫星部组件随机振动条件研究

卫星部组件的随机振动试验条件确定是较为困难的,通常依据以往试验结果和经验给出。文章尝试应用混合有限元-统计能量分析方法（FE-SEA方法）预示卫星部组件的随机振动环境,以此确定星上部组件的随机振动试验条件。文章首先介绍了该方法的基本理论;随后,用该方法对卫星部组件在星箭界面基础激励和外场声激励联合作用下的加速度响应进行了分析;最后,在综合考虑预示结果和工艺检验要求的基础上,探讨了部组件随机振动条件的确定方法。研究结果表明:FE-SEA方法建模简便,适用于组合载荷作用下的宽频随机振动响应预示,并且,可以较为方便地确定部组件随机振动条件。     

起落架落震试验修正案的影响分析及验证思路研究

起落架是飞机的重要组成部件,起落架缓冲器的设计好坏必须经过落震试验的验证。2001年5月9日FAA颁布的N0．25-103修正案对起落架落震试验要求进行了修订。本文对该修正案提出的原因进行说明,并以修正案的内容为基础,与CCAR-25-R3版进行详细地对比和影响分析;通过对起落架动态特性的解析,提出起落架落震试验修正案的验证思路。结果表明：落震试验方法没有本质变化,但是对于试验目的提出了更为严格的要求。研究结果可为起落架落震试验的验证提供一定的技术参考。     

Variability study of ionospheric total electron content at crest of equatorial anomaly in China from 1997 to 2007

The variation of TEC data at Wuhan station (geographic coordinate: 30.5°N, 114.4°E; geomagnetic coordinate: 19.2°N, 183.8°E) at crest of equatorial anomaly in China from January 1997 to December 2007 were analyzed. Variability with solar activity, annual, semiannual, diurnal and seasonal variation were also analyzed. The MSIS00 model and ISR model were used to analyze the possible mechanisms of the variabilities found in the results. The TEC data in 1997 and 2001 deduced from another crest station Xiamen (geographic coordinate: 24.4°N, 118.1°E; geomagnetic coordinate: 13.2°N, 187.4°E) were used to contrast. Analysis results show that long-term variations of TEC at Xiamen station are mainly controlled by the variations of solar activities. Typical diurnal variation behaves as a minimum of the TEC in the pre-dawn hours around 05:00–06:00LT and a maximum on the afternoon hours around 13:00–15:00LT. Some features like the semiannual anomaly and winter anomaly in TEC have been reported. The anomaly may be the result of common action of the electric field over the magnetic equatorial and the [O/N₂] at the crest station.     

Accuracy assessment of single and double difference models for the single epoch GPS compass

The single epoch GPS compass is an important field of study, since it is a valuable technique for the orientation estimation of vehicles and it can guarantee a total independence from carrier phase slips in practical applications. To achieve highly accurate angular estimates, the unknown integer ambiguities of the carrier phase observables need to be resolved. Past researches focus on the ambiguity resolution for single epoch; however, accuracy is another significant problem for many challenging applications. In this contribution, the accuracy is evaluated for the non-common clock scheme of the receivers and the common clock scheme of the receivers, respectively. We focus on three scenarios for either scheme: single difference model vs. double difference model, single frequency model vs. multiple frequency model and optimal linear combinations vs. traditional triple-frequency least squares. We deduce the short baseline precision for a number of different available models and analyze the difference in accuracy for those models. Compared with the single or double difference model of the non-common clock scheme, the single difference model of the common clock scheme can greatly reduce the vertical component error of baseline vector, which results in higher elevation accuracy. The least squares estimator can also reduce the error of fixed baseline vector with the aid of the multi-frequency observation, thereby improving the attitude accuracy. In essence, the “accuracy improvement” is attributed to the difference in accuracy for different models, not a real improvement for any specific model. If all noise levels of GPS triple frequency carrier phase are assumed the same in unit of cycles, it can be proved that the optimal linear combination approach is equivalent to the traditional triple-frequency least squares, no matter which scheme is utilized. Both simulations and actual experiments have been performed to verify the correctness of theoretical analysis.     

基于Kalman滤波的GPS跟踪环路晶振闪烁噪声建模方法

由于晶振频率漂移对GPS接收机的载波相位和频率跟踪带来了误差,在载波跟踪系统中需要对晶振误差进行建模。传统基于Kalman滤波的跟踪方法无法对非白的闪烁晶振误差进行准确建模,导致跟踪环路建模产生一定的误差。针对上述问题,文章重点分析了晶振的频域模型建模过程和噪声协方差求解问题,提出了Kalman滤波中晶振闪烁噪声的近似建模方法,并用实际卫星数据验证了建模的正确性。     

铁木辛柯梁固有振动频率的边界元解法

根据傅里叶变换推导具有两个广义位移的铁木辛柯梁固有振动的基本解.利用加权残量方法,从控制微分方程出发建立边界积分方程,进而根据边界条件得到频率方程,采用代数特征值方法和影响系数方法求解频率,并分析了两种方法的特点.以杆为例证明了对于一维均匀结构,对不同的边界条件利用边界元方法(BEM,Boundary Element Method)都可以得到精确频率.将铁木辛柯梁的BEM结果与有限元结果和精确解进行了比较.     

瑞利索莫菲衍射与物理光学积分的应用比较

针对准光学中电磁场传播的计算问题,研究了从不同角度出发所采用的瑞利索莫菲标量衍射积分公式和基于矢量的物理光学积分公式内在的一致性与区别.首先从物理概念上区分这两种积分方法,然后在平行口面间电磁场传播的条件下,讨论两种积分公式的一致性.借助高斯波束传播解析解作对比,分别应用两种积分方法实现了高斯波束传播的数值仿真,给出了二者在处理电磁场传播问题时的精度与处理矢量衍射时的不同应用.