Autonomous navigation of Mars probe using X-ray pulsars: Modeling and results

Autonomous navigation of Mars probe is a main challenge due to the lack of dense ground tracking network measurements. In this paper, autonomous navigation of the Mars probe Orbits is investigated using the X-ray pulsars. A group of X-ray pulsars with high ranging accuracy are selected based on their properties and an adaptive extended Kalman filter is developed to incorporate the Mars probe dynamics and pulsar-based ranging measurements. Results of numerical experiment show that the three-dimensional positioning accuracy can achieve 750m in X-axis, 220m in Y-axis and 230m in Z-axis, which is much better than the positioning results by current Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) or Doppler observations with the accuracy of 150 km or several kilometers, respectively.     

New results and questions of lunar exploration from SELENE,Chang’E-1, Chandrayaan-1 and LRO/LCROSS

The moon has longstanding questions such as lunar environments, origin, formation and evolution, magnetization of crustal rocks, internal structure and possible life. The recent lunar missions, e.g., SELenological and ENgineering Explorer “KAGUYA” (SELENE), Chang’E-1, Chandrayaan-1, and Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter/Lunar CRater Observation and Sensing Satellite (LRO/LCROSS), have provided new opportunities to explore and understand these issues. In this paper, we reviewed and presented the results and findings in the fields of lunar gravity, magnetic field, atmosphere, surface geomorphology and compositional variations, volcano, craters, internal structure, water and life science from new lunar exploration missions. In addition, the new objectives and scientific questions on lunar explorations in near future are presented and discussed.     

星载可展开天线热振动数值分析

根据非耦合动力学理论及有限元方法,研究分析了星载可展开天线的热振动。利用半正弦波温度冲击模拟热动力荷载,对天线典型节点的热振动位移和应力以及形面精度进行了数值分析。研究表明,急剧变化的温度荷载将导致该天线结构发生热振动,热振动响应明显大于静力学响应。     

金属橡胶刚度阻尼模型理论分析

针对金属橡胶构件加工工艺特点,以金属丝螺旋卷为金属橡胶构件的微元体结构.根据金属丝螺旋卷之间不同的接触状态,以圆柱压缩螺旋弹簧理论为基础,基于材料力学和库仑摩擦模型,考虑摩擦力的影响,建立金属丝螺旋卷微元体结构的力学模型.通过对微元体接触状态和接触对数目的分析,从理论上解释了金属橡胶的非线性刚度及阻尼产生的机理.该模型从细观的金属丝螺旋卷微元体上描述了金属橡胶迟滞特性的物理本质,为预测和分析金属橡胶的刚度、阻尼特性和设计金属橡胶构件提供了有效的理论基础.      

Low-dose carbon ion irradiation effects on DNA damage and oxidative stress in the mouse testis

To investigate the effects of low-dose carbon ion irradiation on reproductive system of mice, the testes of outbred Kunming strain mice were whole-body irradiated with 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.5 and 1 Gy, respectively. We measured DNA double-strand breaks (DNA DSBs) and oxidative stress parameters including malondialdehyde (MDA) content, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and testis weight and sperm count at 12 h, 21 d and 35 d after irradiation in mouse testis. At 12 h postirradiation, a significant increase in DNA DSB level but no pronounced alterations in MDA content or SOD activity were observed in 0.5 and 1 Gy groups compared with the control group. At 21 d postirradiation, there was a significant reduction in sperm count and distinct enhancements of DSB level and MDA content in 0.5 and 1 Gy groups in comparison with control. At 35 d postirradiation, the levels of DNA DSBs and MDA, and SOD activity returned to the baseline except for the MDA content in 1 Gy (P < 0.05), while extreme falls of sperm count were still observed in 0.5 (P < 0.01) and 1 Gy (P < 0.01) groups. For the 0.05 or 0.1 Gy group, no differences were found in DNA DSB level and MDA content between control and at 12 h, 21 d and 35 d after irradiation, indicating that lower doses of carbon ion irradiation have no significant influence on spermatogenesis processes. In this study, male germ cells irradiated with over 0.5 Gy of carbon ions are difficult to repair completely marked by the sperm count. Furthermore, these data suggest that the deleterious effects may be chronic or delayed in reproductive system after whole-body exposure to acute high-dose carbon ions.     

基于OWRR-PF的机载图像中导弹跟踪方法

针对利用图像信息实现飞行器的导弹预警跟踪中导弹运动2D建模、运动模型非线性和目标干扰非高斯等问题,研究了比例导引下导弹在三维空间中的运动在成像面上的运动模式,建立了比例制导导弹的2D投影运动状态模型.由于模型中速度和加速度等主要物理量的非线性,并考虑导弹运动过程中受到的风向、风力、气旋和气流等随机干扰的非高斯性,采用粒子滤波方法实现导弹跟踪;并针对粒子滤波在跟踪过程中存在的粒子退化问题,提出有序权值残差重采样粒子滤波(OWRR-PF,Ordered Weight Residual Resampling Particle Filter)方法,该方法缓解了粒子退化问题,提高了跟踪的准确度.利用所建立的导弹运动模型进行连续视频试验,与标准粒子滤波相比跟踪精度提高了70%左右,与残差重采样粒子滤波方法相比跟踪精度提高了15%左右.     

基于接触状态分析的叶冠阻尼评估与改进设计

采用基于接触状态分析的干摩擦阻尼结构设计方法,针对某型带冠涡轮叶片进行了阻尼评估与改进设计.接触状态包括接触形式和接触参数,通过接触形式从结构上判断结构设计的合理性;通过接触参数从力学性能上评价叶冠的阻尼效果.对叶片的动力特性、接触状态和振动响应进行综合评估分析,找出叶冠结构设计不足之处,并指出具体的改进措施,使叶冠的接触状态及振动响应得到一定的改善,并找到叶冠弦宽稳定工作范围.接触状态能够细致反映出叶冠工作状态下真实的接触情况,为叶冠结构设计和阻尼效果判定提供了更准确、详尽的参考依据.     

飞轮扰振特性及振动控制方法

航天器高精度稳定平台要求飞轮在工作转速范围内的干扰力尽可能低,因此需要对飞轮本身固有的扰振力进行有效抑制,一般对机械飞轮采用被动振动隔离方法,而对磁悬浮飞轮采用主动振动控制方法.分别介绍机械飞轮和磁悬浮飞轮的微振动特性,分析其扰振产生的原因,阐述振动隔离以及振动控制原理,并通过测试系统对现阶段振动抑制效果进行了说明.     

飞机侧壁部件装配调姿机构的设计与分析

分析了等曲率和变曲率2类飞机侧壁部件的几何特点以及对柔性装配调姿的功能需求,设计了一种新型的面向大型飞机侧壁部件数字化装配的柔性工装机构;该机构基于精密三坐标定位器对侧壁部件进行装配调姿,可等效为6自由度并联机构,通过4条支撑臂对侧壁部件进行夹持;定位器呈前后2排、前低后高布局,能够实现对侧壁部件空间6自由度位姿调整;对工装机构进行了位姿反解,根据侧壁部件的初始位姿和目标位姿反向求解出各支撑臂的关节变量,并利用计算机仿真模型进行了验证,证明了反解算法的正确性,为侧壁部件调姿运动的精确控制奠定了基础.      

分离式机械压汽蒸馏系统的实验

针对传统机械压汽蒸馏的不足,提出分离式机械压汽蒸馏系统.建立了一套容量为1.5 m3/d的单效分离式机械压汽蒸馏系统并对其进行实验研究.实验系统主要由两套旋转蒸发器、冷凝器以及压缩机组成.通过改变压缩机转速和蒸发温度来研究系统的性能.结果表明在蒸馏水产量一定的前提下压缩机进口压力和冷凝器进口压力随着压缩机转速的增加而逐渐下降,换热温差随着压缩机转速的增加而增加,最高温差稳定在8.5℃左右.通过改变系统的真空度获得不同的蒸发温度,蒸发温度越高,蒸馏产量越高,系统性能也越好.