空气节流对超燃冲压发动机燃烧室起动点火影响的数值研究

利用空气节流在流场中产生激波串,有效地辅助燃料实现起动点火.非定常Navier-Stokes方程数值模拟研究了空气节流对超燃冲压发动机燃烧室起动点火的影响,分析了起动点火时间段(0~1.0ms)内空气节流 对流场参数的影响.数值模拟结果表明:在燃烧室入口马赫数为2.0、静温为548.8K、静压为101555.9 Pa,乙烯燃料当量比为0.5,先锋氢辅助点火的条件下,距离发动机入口845mm处,节流流量为入口空气流量的30%,有效地实现了发动机的起动点火,无空气节流情况下的发动机点火效果不佳,火焰最终熄灭.      

非正常航班管理中的飞机恢复问题研究

航空运输中时常会受到各种因素的干扰,形成非正常航班。非正常航班若得不到及时有效处理,会给航空公司带来巨大损失,因此航空恢复问题显得十分重要。主要针对航空公司飞机恢复问题进行了研究。利用原时刻表,综合考虑航班时间约束、飞机维护约束、机场容量约束和飞机容量约束,并结合航空公司运行实际,建立了飞机恢复模型。模型中对飞机恢复成本进行了细分,并以成本最小为目标函数。为解决该问题,设计了一个启发式算法。通过使用某航空公司的数据,对模型进行了计算,对算法进行了测试。计算结果表明,启发式算法可以较好解决飞机恢复问题,所得该方案能较好地符合航空公司要求。     

数字化实体制造及其实践

提出了工业产品的数字化实体概念,指出了数字化实体制造良好的应用前景.讨论了工业产品数字化实体制造实现的关键技术及其现状,分析了目前存在的主要问题,最后介绍了作者在数字化实体制造方面的实践情况.     

爆炸波与超声速运动物体相互作用的数值研究

针对在弹道靶及爆炸波装置上完成的实验,用数值方法来研究在比热为常数和层流情况下爆炸波与超声速飞行物体的相互作用.为了准确模拟爆炸波,首先通过有限体积法求解轴对称N-S方程计算了爆炸波流场,分析比较了数值干涉图和实验干涉图以及数值计算和实验得到的三个截面的密度分布曲线.其次以获得的轴对称流场为爆炸波初场,采用重叠网格技术,通过有限体积法求解三维层流N-S方程数值计算了在比热为常值和层流情况下爆炸波与超声速飞行物体的相互作用,得到了数值干涉图并与实验得到的干涉图进行了比较,分析了爆炸波对飞行物体表面压力的影响.     

一体化高超声速飞行器气动-推进性能评估

吸气式高超声速飞行器的一个重要特点就是机体和推进系统的高度一体化设计.在这类高超声速飞行器的发展中,机体-推进系统内外流场相互干扰的评估以及飞行器气动-推进性能的研究是非常重要的.文中阐述了CFD和风洞试验结合评估一体化飞行器气动-推进性能的近似方法,涉及一体化飞行器进气道和发动机的三个工作状态:进气道关闭、进气道打开发动机不工作以及进气道打开发动机工作.针对进气道关闭的工作状态,大量气动数据可由试验获得.但是,受模型尺寸和设备的限制,试验模拟进气道打开发动机不工作特别是进气道打开发动机工作的飞行状态是非常困难的.因此,首先根据进气道关闭和进气道打开发动机不工作两种情况下风洞试验数据与CFD计算结果的对比得到计算误差,在此基础上,结合内外流数值模拟,预测不同进气道和发动机工作状态下一体化飞行器的气动-推进性能.     

固溶处理工艺对2219铝合金力学性能的影响

针对铝合金在硝盐槽中固溶热处理存在加热介质不环保、超温爆炸的问题,以2219铝合金不同厚度板材为对象,研究了空气介质加热固溶处理工艺对2219铝合金力学性能的影响。探索了其力学性能随固溶处理保温时间的变化规律,并观察了6 mm板材典型的热处理工艺:(535±5)℃/70 min固溶,(165±5)℃/960 min时效,板材显微组织的析出相呈细小弥散状分布,对合金有较好的强化效果。试验获得了不同厚度2219铝合金板材较为理想的固溶处理工艺参数。合金热处理后的力学性能达到了产品的技术指标:抗拉强度R_m≥405 MPa,屈服强度Rp0.2≥286 MPa,延伸率A11.3≥10%。2219铝合金空气介质加热固溶处理工艺技术已替代硝盐介质固溶处理技术,并在运载火箭贮箱结构件中得到成功应用。     

Experimental research of air-throttling ignition for a scramjet at Ma 6.5

An experimental investigation on ignition characteristics with air-throttling in an ethylene-fueled scramjet under flight Ma 6.5 conditions was conducted.The dynamic process of air-throttling ignition was explored systematically.The influences of throttling parameters,i.e.,throttling mass rate and duration,were investigated.When the throttling mass rate was 45% of the inflow mass rate,ambient ethylene could be ignited reliably.The delay time from ignition to throttling was about 45–55 ms.There was a threshold of throttling duration under a certain throttling mass rate.It was shorter than 100 ms when the throttling mass rate was 45%.While a 45%throttling mass rate would make the shock train propagate upstream to the isolator entry in about10–15 ms,four lower throttling mass rates were tested,including 30%,25%,20%,and 10%.All of these throttling mass rates could ignite ethylene.However,combustion performances varied with them.A higher throttling mass rate made more ethylene combust and produced higher wall pressure.Through these experiments,some aspects of the relationships between ignition,flame stabilization,combustion efficiency,and air-throttling parameters were brought to light.These results could also be a benchmark for CFD validation.     

利用单片机控制的LD驱动系统研究

介绍了一种利用单片机控制的半导体激光（LD）驱动电源，该电源通过控制LD的工作电流和温度以及采用了可靠的保护电路，实现了LD光功率稳定、可靠、准确输出。     

A new landing impact attenuation seat in manned spacecraft biologically-inspired by felids

When manned spacecraft comes back to the earth, it relies on the impact attenuation seat to protect astronauts from injuries during landing phase. Hence, the seat needs to transfer impact load, as small as possible, to the crew. However, there is little room left for traditional seat to improve further. Herein, a new seat system biologically-inspired by felids’ landing is proposed.Firstly, a series of experiments was carried out on cats and tigers, in which they were trained to jump down voluntarily from different heights. Based on the ground reaction forces combined with kinematics, the experiment indicated that felids’ landing after self-initial jump was a multi-step impact attenuation process and the new seat was inspired by this. Then the construction and work process of new seat were redesigned to realize the multi-step impact attenuation. The dynamic response of traditional and new seat is analyzed under the identical conditions and the results show that the new concept seat can significantly weaken the occupant overload in two directions compared with that of traditional seat. As a consequence, the risk of injury evaluated for spinal and head is also lowered, meaning a higher level of protection which is especially beneficial to the debilitated astronaut.     

超临界压力下正十烷流动传热的数值模拟

为了深入理解主动再生冷却过程中碳氢燃料的超临界传热特性,基于SIMPLE算法建立了数值模拟方法,考虑了碳氢燃料物性随温度的剧烈变化,并利用电加热管实验结果验证了计算方法。针对超临界压力下细管道内正十烷的流动传热现象进行了系统的数值计算研究,考察了计算网格无关性和超临界流动传热过程中的压力效应。结果表明:网格选择与正十烷的状态有关;在超临界压力下,较低的正十烷压力引起临界温度附近的努赛尔数减小,导致传热效率下降;目前常用的传热经验公式在正十烷临界区域附近与数值计算结果差别较大。