A strategic flight conflict avoidance approach based on a memetic algorithm

Conflict avoidance （CA） plays a crucial role in guaranteeing the airspace safety. The cur- rent approaches, mostly focusing on a short-term situation which eliminates conflicts via local adjust- ment, cannot provide a global solution. Recently, long-term conflict avoidance approaches, which are proposed to provide solutions via strategically planning traffic flow from a global view, have attracted more attentions. With consideration of the situation in China, there are thousands of flights per day and the air route network is large and complex, which makes the long-term problem to be a large-scale combinatorial optimization problem with complex constraints. To minimize the risk of premature convergence being faced by current approaches and obtain higher quality solutions, in this work, we present an effective strategic framework based on a memetic algorithm （MA）, which can markedly improve search capability via a combination of population-based global search and local improve- ments made by individuals. In addition, a specially designed local search operator and an adaptive local search frequency strategy are proposed to improve the solution quality. Furthermore, a fast genetic algorithm （GA） is presented as the global optimization method. Empirical studies using real traffic data of the Chinese air route network and daily flight plans show that our approach outper- formed the existing approaches including the GA .based approach and the cooperative coevolution based approach as well as some well-known memetic algorithm based approaches.     

倘徉在爱神的海滨

帕福斯古迹，位于塞浦路斯西南海岸，距离首都尼科西亚100千米塞浦路斯是东地中海的一个岛国，位于土耳其以南，叙利亚以西，扼亚、非、欧三洲海上交通要冲，为地中海第三大岛塞浦路斯是一个美丽的岛国。海岸线长537千米，面积为9251平方千米、“塞浦路斯”在希腊语中意为“产铜之岛”，别名“爱神之岛”，传说爱神维纳斯就诞生在这个美丽的海滨自从新石器时代开始，帕福斯就有人居住，它是一个崇拜阿芙洛狄特和史前生育的神的遗址、传说中，阿芙洛狄特就诞生在这个岛上，公元前12世纪迈锡尼人在这里为她建造了庙宇、残存的别墅、宫殿、剧院、要塞和墓地都表明，这个遗址在建筑学和历史学上具有特殊的价值新帕福斯上的马赛克图案是世界上最美丽的。     

堪察加印象

堪察加半岛是世界上最著名的火山区之一,它拥有高密度的活火山,而且类型和特征各不相同,五座具有不同特征的火山构成了堪察加半岛奇异的景观。同时,这个半岛在欧洲大陆和太平洋之间所处的位置,也把这里不断发展的火山活动和各具特色的火山种类展现在世人面前。堪察加半岛共有120座火山,其中有28座是活火山。克柳切夫斯基火山高4850米,是西伯利亚的最高峰,同时也是世界上活动最频繁的活火山之一。在过去的两个世纪中,这座火山一共喷发了五十多次,最近的一次喷发是在2002年3月19日。另一座比较有名的火山是海拔3283米的希韦卢奇火山。它是一座活火山,位于堪察加半岛最北部,从2001年起,它的喷发几乎没有停止过。除了奇特的地质特征外,堪察加半岛还以它优美的景观和众多的野生动物著称于世。堪察加湖保护区位于俄罗斯远东地区最偏远的地方,由五个独立的保护区共同组成,它们都是堪察加州的一部分。州行政中心——堪察加彼得罗巴甫洛夫斯克坐落在出奇美丽而壮观的海湾——阿瓦恰海湾的岸边,海湾被火山链所包围。为了加强对候鸟的保护,前苏联与日本在1973年签订协议建立了联合自然保护区,南堪察加湖国家自然保护区便应运而生。它占地面积为3300000公顷,海拔高度在海平面到海拔3621米之间。     

Organisation of a unified system of energetic calibration of X-ray experiments

X-ray data obtained by the Prognoz 5,6,7 and 8 hard X-ray photometers are compared with the measurements carried out by similar instruments aboard the Solrad 11, ISEE 3, SMM and Hinotori satellites. Using the method of relative amplitude analysis, the apparent disagreement in the energy discrimination level calibration between the instruments is pointed out. The results of the comparison and the possible sources of disagreement are given. We suggest an international effort be made to develop a system of uniform pre-launch calibration of photometers based on a reference calibration source.     

Identification and characteristics of source flares emitting 3-He or Fe enriched cosmic rays in the period September to December 1977

During the observation of solar cosmic rays on the Prognoz 6 and Helios 1 and 2 spacecrafts, several events with anomalous composition of accelerated particles (higher abundance of 3-He or Fe nuclei) occurred. We found seven such events from the period September to December 1977 for which data from the Prognoz 6 solar X-ray photometer are available. This material together with published optical and radio data from terrestrial observatories enabled us to identify more reliably the source flares and describe their characteristics. It turned out that the character of X-ray emission accompanying the emission of accelerated particles with anomalous composition shows no pronounced difference from other flares. No correlation has been found among the ratio 3-He/4-He and the angular distance between the field lines connected with the source flare and the place of observation. If a solar flare with anomalous ratio 3-He/4-He appears in a given active region, this region will probably produce other anomalous events.     

分析插值误差和斜率的轨迹优化网格细化方法

提出一种基于插值误差和斜率分析的轨迹优化自适应网格细化方法，包括节点插入算法和节点删除算法。节点插入算法分析各个离散节点的控制变量的插值误差。若插值误差较大，则在该节点周围增加节点细化网格；否则，不进行细化。节点删除算法分析各个离散节点处的控制变量斜率。若某个节点的左斜率和右斜率都为零，那么删除该节点；否则，保留该节点。采用三个典型的轨迹优化算例验证了所提出的方法的有效性和特色，并且与其它几种网格细化方法进行了对比。仿真结果表明，本文方法生成的网格规模较小，需要的网格迭代次数较少，能够快速、高精度求解非光滑轨迹优化问题。     

A drilling tool design and in situ identification of planetary regolith mechanical parameters

The physical and mechanical properties as well as the heat flux of regolith are critical evidence in the study of planetary origin and evolution. Moreover, the mechanical properties of planetary regolith have great value for guiding future human planetary activities. For planetary subsurface exploration, an inchworm boring robot (IBR) has been proposed to penetrate the regolith, and the mechanical properties of the regolith are expected to be simultaneously investigated during the penetration process using the drilling tool on the IBR. This paper provides a preliminary study of an in situ method for measuring planetary regolith mechanical parameters using a drilling tool on a test bed. A conical-screw drilling tool was designed, and its drilling load characteristics were experimentally analyzed. Based on the drilling tool-regolith interaction model, two identification methods for determining the planetary regolith bearing and shearing parameters are proposed. The bearing and shearing parameters of lunar regolith simulant were successfully determined according to the pressure-sinkage tests and shear tests conducted on the test bed. The effects of the operating parameters on the identification results were also analyzed. The results indicate a feasible scheme for future planetary subsurface exploration.     

Analytical Calculation Model for Mach Wave Parameters

When a wave shaper is embedded in a liner,Mach wave will emerge above the liner,which affects the head shape of an explosively formed projectile.Mach wave parameters,including radius and pressure need to be determined to effectively match Mach wave with the liner,so that a good head shape can be obtained.An analytical calculation model for Mach wave parameter is presented based on three-shock theory,and the theoretical values agree well with the experimental ones.The analysis shows that when the radius of the wave shaper is constant,the radius of the Mach wave increases,whereas the pressure decreases while increasing the distance between the liner and the wave shaper.When the distance between the liner and the wave shaper is constant,the radius of the Mach wave increases,whereas the pressure decreases when decreasing the radius of the wave shaper.     

论飞机强度规范的发展

简要叙述了美国军用飞机强度规范的历史演变;美国空军ＭＩＬＡ－８７２２１飞机结构通用规范的专业性质及ＭＩＬ－Ａ－８７２２１与ＭＩＬ－Ａ－００８８６０飞机强度和刚度规范的关系。通过对美国规范的理解和我国飞机研制及强度规范现状的分析,论证了我国新规范应是ＧＪＢ６７．１～１３－８５军用飞机强度和刚度规范的进一步发展,新规范发布实施后,ＧＪＢ６７．１～１３－８５将被取代。还叙述了我国新规范的适用范围和编制的技术途径。     

视频图像压缩技术的研究与应用

视频图像压缩技术是多媒体系统不可回避的关键技术。文章对ＱＩＦ制式标准的视频图像,以Ｐ×６４标准为核心进行了解码与压缩技术的研究。分析了变换编码、运动补偿、量化和变字长嫡编码对压缩效率与图像质量的影响,并对实时传输的视频图像进行了计算机解码分析。恢复的图像表明：解码是成功的,画面清晰,效果显著。在４８６微机上软件处理时间为平均为３ｓ／帧,进一步的硬件处理将有可能为实际使用。