Predicting performance in manually controlled rendezvous and docking through spatial abilities

Manually controlled rendezvous and docking (manual RVD) is a challenging space task for astronauts. This study aims to identify spatial abilities that are critical for accomplishing manual RVD. Based on task analysis, spatial abilities were deduced to be critical for accomplishing manual RVD. 15 Male participants performed manual RVD task simulations and spatial ability tests (the object-manipulation spatial ability and spatial orientation ability). Participants’ performance in the test of visualization of viewpoints (which measures the spatial orientation ability) was found to be significantly correlated with their manual RVD performance, indicating that the spatial orientation ability in the sense of perspective taking is particularly important for accomplishing manual RVD.     

Influence of lunar topography on simulated surface temperature

The surface temperature of the Moon is one of the essential parameters for the lunar exploration, especially to evaluate the Moon thermophysical features. The distribution of the temperature is heavily influenced by the Moon topography, which, however, is rarely studied in the state-of-art surface temperature models. Therefore, this paper takes the Moon topography into account to improve the surface temperature model, Racca model. The main parameters, such as slopes along the longitude and latitude directions, are estimated with the topography data from Chang’E-1 satellite and the Horn algorithm. Then the effective solar illumination model is then constructed with the slopes and the relative position to the subsolar point. Finally, the temperature distribution over the Moon surface is obtained with the effective illumination model and the improved Racca model. The results indicate that the distribution of the temperature is very sensitive to the fluctuation of the Moon surface. The change of the surface temperature is up to 150 K in some places compared to the result without considering the topography. In addition, the variation of the surface temperature increases with the distance from the subsolar point and the elevation, along both latitude and longitude directions. Furthermore, the simulated surface temperature coincides well with the brightness temperature in 37 GHz observed by the microwave sounder onboard Chang’E-2 satellite. The corresponded emissivity map not only eliminates the influence of the topography, but also hints the inherent properties of the lunar regolith just below the surface. Last but not the least, the distribution of the permanently shadowed regions (PSRs) in the lunar pole area is also evaluated with the simulated surface temperature result.     

基于球几何特征的摄像机内参分步标定方法

在摄像机标定过程中,球形靶标对图像数量、拍摄角度要求小,能够适应遮挡环境,在使用中具有明显优势.在分析球投影模型几何性质的基础上,提出一种利用球靶标分步标定摄像机内部参数的方法.该方法通过拍摄一幅包含空间中2个不同位置球体的图像,得到图像中的2条投影二次曲线;利用2条投影二次曲线的对称轴和公切线计算球心投影点,通过投影二次曲线的对称轴确定图像主点坐标,根据球心投影点和图像主点的位置关系求解归一化焦距;利用整体优化算法得到内参标定结果.仿真数据实验分析了引入测量误差的主要因素,实物标定结果与平面方格靶标方法相比误差在5%之内,重复测量结果稳定.      

递推阻尼最小二乘及其在INS/双星组合中应用

由于双星系统的误差模型未知,且稳定性较差,采用Kalman滤波实现惯导(INS)/双星组合导航时,其滤波特性较差;而此时最小二乘法是实际工程应用中常用的方法,但易产生参数爆发现象.因此,提出了一种基于多输入-多输出(MI-MO)系统的递推阻尼最小二乘法,并将其应用到INS/双星组合导航系统中.仿真结果表明,利用递推阻尼最小二乘法能达到和递推最小二乘法同样的精度,且能明显抑制参数爆发现象.      

栅格翼电弧风洞试验的气动参数模拟方法研究

为验证栅格翼防热方案的有效性,针对栅格翼单片级试验件厚度过低无法直接测量试验件冷壁热流密度的难题,提出了一种直接模拟来流气动参数的栅格翼热防护试验设计方法,能够准确考核防热方案,对类似结构的热防护试验具有指导意义。     

考虑低能电子影响的二次电子修正模型

随着微放电效应研究的不断深入,低能电子影响在微放电过程中越来越不可忽视。当前常用的微放电模型在处理低能电子问题上具有一定的局限性,为了精确模拟这一过程,在深入研究二次电子和背散射电子发射理论的基础上,分别针对材料表面条件不同引起的二次电子发射系数不确定性、低能电子的背散射系数以及电子入射角等问题进行了分析和讨论,并在此基础上建立了一个二次电子发射模型,最后通过数值计算讨论了模型的正确性和适用范围。这一模型同时考虑材料表面条件参数、低能电子的背散射系数以及入射角等因素影响,能够兼容较低能量电子的二次发射,提升微放电数值模拟的精确度和适用性,为微放电数值模拟的发展起到推进作用。     

一种多通道电子负载器的设计

电子负载器在航天领域内有着广泛的应用,但是不同的电源设备对电子负载器的功能有着不同的要求。介绍了一种航天领域使用的多通道电子负载器,分别从设备电源、负载电路及电流显示和风扇控制三个部分进行了详细说明。经过系统调试与测试,该负载器运行稳定可靠,能够长时间运行,完全满足了航天器的需求。     

高旋转数下光滑回转通道的换热特性

通过提高回转通道内气体压力到500 kPa以上,显著扩展了实验参数范围.实验雷诺数Re和旋转数Ro范围分别为10 000~70 000和0~2.08,完全匹配了真实发动机的Re和Ro.在此基础上实验研究了高旋转数下方截面光滑U型通道的换热特性.结果表明,在高旋转数下,旋转效应对通道进口和转弯段局部换热的影响比进口效应和弯道效应显著;第1通道后缘面换热随旋转数的增大而增强,而中下游前缘面在超过临界旋转数后换热增强;高旋转数下第2通道下游后缘面的换热强于前缘面.