纤维增强铝合金层板的发展与应用

 本文介绍了最新研制的一种新型结构材料——纤维增强铝合金层板,该层板已引起许多西方飞机制造厂的注意。该材料兼取了复合材料和铝合金的优点,克服了各自的一些缺点。最引人注目的性能是它所具有的极好的抗疲劳和损伤性能。通过改变材料的组成和工艺过程,可以得到不同性能,满足某些特殊的用途。本文介绍两种典型的材料构型——芳纶纤维增强铝合金层板(ARALL)和R-玻璃纤维增强铝合金层板(GLARE)的研究过程、材料组成、性能和应用。最后讨论了今后研究所需要解决的问题。     

航空齿轮传动系统的“风阻”问题

本文旨在综合与分析国内外有关机种的结构方案 ,为设计时如何提出抑制和利用“风阻”的技术措施 ,开拓思路 ,明确方向。     

SQP方法在航空发动机加速过程控制中的应用研究

本文研究了采用非线性规划方法中的序列二次规划最优化方法解决涡轮风扇发动机加速过程的最优控制问题。在研究中,考虑了发动机加速过程中的压气机喘振边界、涡轮最高温度限制、转子最高转速限制、燃烧富油熄火限制等各种约束条件,以及执行机构的惯性、延迟等机械特性。仿真结果表明:应用序列二次规划法进行加速最优控制是可行的,发动机在加速过程中能准确地沿着各约束边界进行加速,从而充分发挥了发动机的潜力,大大地改善了发动机的加速性。      

The Magnetic Field of Mercury

The magnetic field strength of Mercury at the planet’s surface is approximately 1% that of Earth’s surface field. This comparatively low field strength presents a number of challenges, both theoretically to understand how it is generated and observationally to distinguish the internal field from that due to the solar wind interaction. Conversely, the small field also means that Mercury offers an important opportunity to advance our understanding both of planetary magnetic field generation and magnetosphere-solar wind interactions. The observations from the Mariner 10 magnetometer in 1974 and 1975, and the MESSENGER Magnetometer and plasma instruments during the probe’s first two flybys of Mercury on 14 January and 6 October 2008, provide the basis for our current knowledge of the internal field. The external field arising from the interaction of the magnetosphere with the solar wind is more prominent near Mercury than for any other magnetized planet in the Solar System, and particular attention is therefore paid to indications in the observations of deficiencies in our understanding of the external field. The second MESSENGER flyby occurred over the opposite hemisphere from the other flybys, and these newest data constrain the tilt of the planetary moment from the planet’s spin axis to be less than 5°. Considered as a dipole field, the moment is in the range 240 to 270 nT-R _M ³ , where R _M is Mercury’s radius. Multipole solutions for the planetary field yield a smaller dipole term, 180 to 220 nT-R _M ³ , and higher-order terms that together yield an equatorial surface field from 250 to 290 nT. From the spatial distribution of the fit residuals, the equatorial data are seen to reflect a weaker northward field and a strongly radial field, neither of which can be explained by a centered-dipole matched to the field measured near the pole by Mariner 10. This disparity is a major factor controlling the higher-order terms in the multipole solutions. The residuals are not largest close to the planet, and when considered in magnetospheric coordinates the residuals indicate the presence of a cross-tail current extending to within 0.5R _M altitude on the nightside. A near-tail current with a density of 0.1 μA/m² could account for the low field intensities recorded near the equator. In addition, the MESSENGER flybys include the first plasma observations from Mercury and demonstrate that solar wind plasma is present at low altitudes, below 500 km. Although we can be confident in the dipole-only moment estimates, the data in hand remain subject to ambiguities for distinguishing internal from external contributions. The anticipated observations from orbit at Mercury, first from MESSENGER beginning in March 2011 and later from the dual-spacecraft BepiColombo mission, will be essential to elucidate the higher-order structure in the magnetic field of Mercury that will reveal the telltale signatures of the physics responsible for its generation.     

凹型面埋入式涡流发生器控制分离流

本文介绍了一种新型的凹型面埋入式涡流发生器的工作机理。并介绍在一个小宽高比二元单边凹壁亚声扩压壁前段出现气流分离,角落区域有倒流的情况下,采用适当几何参数的该型式涡流发生器大大减小分离区的范围,从而提高了扩压器静压恢复系数和减小总压损失系数的试验结果。     

高精度甚低速系统的变结构控制方案研究

非线性接触摩擦普遍存在于一般伺服系统中,它引起的低速爬行会影响整个系统的正常工作。本文提出了一种变结构设计方案,能有效地克服低速爬行,消除斜坡信号作用下的系统静差,并获得较为简单的控制算法和系统结构。     

电弧加热器驻点烧蚀/侵蚀试验技术

介绍了在电弧加热器试验设备上进行复合材料烧蚀/侵蚀试验技术,通过改进电弧加热试验设备和粒子播发系统,将石墨粒子均匀注入到高压混合室中,与高温空气混合后经过超声速粒子加速喷管形成烧蚀/侵蚀试验流场,对驻点模型进行试验,同时建立了相应流场参数的测试、计算方法。并对C/C和含钨C/C防热复合材料的抗粒子侵蚀性能进行了初步研究。结果显示有粒子流场的均匀性和重复性较好,能满足材料的烧蚀/侵蚀考核试验要求,且含钨C/C材料的抗粒子侵蚀性能高于C/C材料。     

带损伤复合材料层压板剩余强度估算方法研究

 针对带损伤, 特别是冲击损伤的复合材料层压板的剩余强度估算, 提供易于工程使用 的思路和方法。包括: ① 提出了一种不依赖具体分析方法的统一的损伤记录与表征方法——损 伤数据结构DDS; ②提出了一种全新的缺口强度破坏判据——损伤影响(D I) 破坏判据; ③ 提出 了简单易用的估算冲击分层的弯曲应变能密度分层模型; ④提出了一套能够分析包括预埋分层 和冲击分层在内, 并能够处理单一分层以及多分层的损伤剩余强度估算方法。对共计12 种材料 体系、52 种铺层形式的开孔拉抻强度、预埋分层压缩强度及冲击后压缩强度进行了大量估算分 析, 与近百组试验结果相比均有良好一致性。     

具备通用性的动力装置GE和罗-罗公司不断完善F136发动机技术

两台F136原型机近日达到静态试验的里程碑,这是GE和罗-罗公司为期10年的F-35联合攻击战斗机(JSF)备用发动机开发计划的一部分。GE/罗—罗战斗机发动机小组刚刚在邻近辛辛那提市的GE交通运输部门的高空试验台完成了舰载型和常规起降型F-35的F136所必需的试验。前不久还完成了追加的最终功率校准工程试验。