宽马赫数范围高超声速进气道转动唇口变几何方案研究

结合简单一维流理论讨论了一种工作于Ma=4～7、采用可转动唇口的变几何二元高超声速进气道设计方案,并利用数值仿真手段对其Ma=4下的自起动性能及其他不同工作马赫数下的性能进行了研究.结果表明:所设计的变几何进气道必须辅以附面层排移措施才能在Ma=4下顺利实现自起动;该变几何方案Ma=4下的流量系数达0.7以上,这为飞行器加速提供了强有力保障;与定几何进气道相比,变几何进气道高低马赫数下的总体性能均得到显著提高;此外,转动唇口的铰接位置对自起动性能有重要影响.      

带凹腔支板的数值模拟

用大涡模拟的方法对带凹腔支板进行了数值模拟.采用Smagorinsky-Lily亚网格尺度模型,并用SIMPLE算法和中心差分格式求解离散方程.仿真结果表明:凹腔对支板尾流有一定的影响;在本文研究的凹腔深度范围内(5mm、11 mm、15mm),随着凹腔深度的增加,尾流近壁面旋涡的最大涡量值先减小后增大,频率先增大后减小.     

带凹窗斜劈高速湍流气动光学效应研究

采用数值方法分析研究了带凹窗斜劈高速湍流气动光学特性受窗口深度的影响。湍流数值模拟采用耦合J-B模型的RANS/LES混合方法即DES方法,依靠双时间步LU-SGS方法开展非定常迭代求解,并且利用物理光学方法和波前重构技术等计算气动光学效应,用于分析近场波前畸变和远场光斑分布情况。模拟结果表明,在窗口较浅时,窗口前缘处产生较强激波,带来更大的波前倾斜影响,而窗口较深时,分离剪切层、旋涡等流场结构导致气动光学效应的非定常特性更为显著;高速湍流导致的气动光学效应很强,在所模拟条件下,波前倾斜、均方根光程差、峰谷值以及Strehl比分别达到69μrad、0.22λ、1.2λ和0.31,其对应的跳动值38μrad、0.04λ、0.8λ和0.43。     

The Magnetic Field of Mercury

The magnetic field strength of Mercury at the planet’s surface is approximately 1% that of Earth’s surface field. This comparatively low field strength presents a number of challenges, both theoretically to understand how it is generated and observationally to distinguish the internal field from that due to the solar wind interaction. Conversely, the small field also means that Mercury offers an important opportunity to advance our understanding both of planetary magnetic field generation and magnetosphere-solar wind interactions. The observations from the Mariner 10 magnetometer in 1974 and 1975, and the MESSENGER Magnetometer and plasma instruments during the probe’s first two flybys of Mercury on 14 January and 6 October 2008, provide the basis for our current knowledge of the internal field. The external field arising from the interaction of the magnetosphere with the solar wind is more prominent near Mercury than for any other magnetized planet in the Solar System, and particular attention is therefore paid to indications in the observations of deficiencies in our understanding of the external field. The second MESSENGER flyby occurred over the opposite hemisphere from the other flybys, and these newest data constrain the tilt of the planetary moment from the planet’s spin axis to be less than 5°. Considered as a dipole field, the moment is in the range 240 to 270 nT-R _M ³ , where R _M is Mercury’s radius. Multipole solutions for the planetary field yield a smaller dipole term, 180 to 220 nT-R _M ³ , and higher-order terms that together yield an equatorial surface field from 250 to 290 nT. From the spatial distribution of the fit residuals, the equatorial data are seen to reflect a weaker northward field and a strongly radial field, neither of which can be explained by a centered-dipole matched to the field measured near the pole by Mariner 10. This disparity is a major factor controlling the higher-order terms in the multipole solutions. The residuals are not largest close to the planet, and when considered in magnetospheric coordinates the residuals indicate the presence of a cross-tail current extending to within 0.5R _M altitude on the nightside. A near-tail current with a density of 0.1 μA/m² could account for the low field intensities recorded near the equator. In addition, the MESSENGER flybys include the first plasma observations from Mercury and demonstrate that solar wind plasma is present at low altitudes, below 500 km. Although we can be confident in the dipole-only moment estimates, the data in hand remain subject to ambiguities for distinguishing internal from external contributions. The anticipated observations from orbit at Mercury, first from MESSENGER beginning in March 2011 and later from the dual-spacecraft BepiColombo mission, will be essential to elucidate the higher-order structure in the magnetic field of Mercury that will reveal the telltale signatures of the physics responsible for its generation.     

机头颗粒微扰动对战斗机大迎角航向气动特性的影响研究(英文)

本文重点介绍了在机头周向角±45°处的颗粒微扰动对战斗机大迎角航向气动特性的影响进行了数值模拟研究。结果表明:在机头周向角±45°处的颗粒对大迎角下飞机的航向气动特性影响明显,能够使大迎角偏航力矩具有确定的方向。对流场结构分析发现:颗粒所在一侧脱离出明显强于没有颗粒一侧的小涡,从而在机头该侧诱导出更强的分离涡,进而导致了飞机大迎角非对称气动力的出现。     

矩形转圆形高超声速内收缩进气道数值及试验研究

采用压力梯度先增大后减小压升规律轴对称基准流场,结合流线追踪及截面渐变技术设计了矩形转圆形内收缩进气道模型,并采用4°斜楔模拟飞行器前体,对前体、进气道一体化模型进行了数值模拟和风洞试验,初步得到了该进气道的流场结构及总体性能.设计点和接力点的数值模拟结果表明该进气道可在马赫数Ma=4～6状态下正常工作,且具有良好的总...     

Research into Configuration and Flow of Wall Oil Film in Bearing Chamber Based on Droplet Size Distribution

The lubrication design and heat transfer determination of bearing chambers in aeroengine require a sufficient understanding of the oil droplet-film interaction and physical characteristic in an oil/air two-phase flow state.The analyses of oil droplet movement,mass and momentum transfer during the impingement of droplet/wall,as well as wall oil film thickness and flow velocity are very important for the bearing chamber lubrication and heat transfer calculation.An integrated model in combination with droplet movement,droplet/wall impact and film flow analysis is put forward initially based on the consideration of droplet size distribution.The model makes a contribution to provide more practical and feasible technical approach,which is not only for the study of droplet-film interaction and physical behavior in bearing chambers with oil/air two-phase flow phenomena,but also useful for an insight into the essence of physical course through droplet movement and deposition,film formation and flow.The influences of chamber geometries and operating conditions on droplet deposition mass and momentum transfer,and wall film thickness and velocity distribution are discussed.The feasibility of the method by theoretical analysis is also verified by the existing experimental data.The current work is conducive to expose the physical behavior of wall oil film configuration and flow in bearing chamber,and also significant for bearing chamber lubrication and heat transfer study under oil/air two-phase flow conditions.     

水中上升气泡体积变化率的图像分析技术

水中上升气泡的体积变化率是舰船自消隐特种气幕技术等诸多研究的重要基础。鉴于当前对这一体积变化率研究的紧迫需求,提出并较为深入地研究了水中上升气泡体积变化率的图像分析技术。首先,在理论研究的基础上,专门建立了分析计算的数学模型;进而给出了分析的实施方法,即利用摄像法获取水中上升气泡的图像序列,并从中得出所需图像的相关信息,再利用建立的模型即可求出其体积变化率;同时,设计了专门的实验,初步验证了这一分析技术的可行性。     

折叠机翼变体飞机纵向操纵性与稳定性研究

针对一种飞翼布局折叠机翼变体飞机方案,建立了相应的研究模型,使用涡格估算方法计算出机翼折叠角度对全机纵向静稳定性的影响.利用飞机纵向小扰动运动方程,分别得到了机翼展开和折叠状态的长、短周期模态,并对其动稳定性进行了讨论.结合工程估算方法和风洞试验方法,计算出内段机翼折叠过程全机力矩系数、升降舵操纵导数以及升降舵配平偏角...     

某涡扇发动机考虑级间引气的二维数值模拟

针对采用S₂流面流场模拟软件(AES-S2),对某涡扇发动机风扇、压气机(考虑级间引气)和整机进行地面0km及高空21km低雷诺数工况下转速特性的评估和流场分析.AES-S2数值仿真模型由带有黏性项的二维欧拉方程、燃烧模型和损失模型构成;采用任意曲线坐标系,可保证复杂几何边界的计算精度;采用隐式高阶精度Godunov求解格式,数值稳定性高,可自动捕捉激波.仿真结果表明:AES-S2计算稳定性好,收敛速度快;风扇和压气机的计算精度高于整机;整机二维计算满足工程精度需求,可为部件研制和整机部件匹配提供性能参数依据.