进气径向畸变对燃烧室性能影响研究与预测

针对燃气轮机在实际运行过程中燃烧室进口速度分布不均匀问题,采用数值模拟方法对直流环形燃烧室开展数值模拟计算,分析了不同进气速度畸变位置与畸变强度下燃烧室的流场与温度分布特性,并给出了一种畸变条件下燃烧室性能预测模型。结果表明：不同进气速度径向畸变位置与畸变强度对扩压器内和机匣前段流场形态影响较大,燃烧室空气分配比例改变,温度分布有所差异。燃烧室工况改变对空气分配比例、燃烧效率和总压损失的影响不大。进气速度畸变对燃烧效率影响不大,主要影响到总压损失的变化。随着畸变程度提高,空气分配比例变化明显,总压损失随之增大。进气畸变对燃烧室出口温度分布的影响规律较为复杂,影响程度与进气畸变的不均匀度、畸变形式和工况密切相关,变化范围为-30%～20%。在此基础上,给出了适用于进气径向畸变条件下的燃烧室部件特性预测模型,经验证预测模型的误差在3.5%以下。     

Experimental Study on Emission Performance of an LPP/TVC

A key issue in the commercial aircraft engine design is environmental acceptability, and designers are continually challenged to reduce emissions. In this paper, an experimental investigation is performed to evaluate the emission performance of a liquid-fueled trapped vortex combustor (TVC) under lean premixed prevaporized (LPP) mode. When operating as an LPP system, a TVC is fueled both in the cavities and in the main stream. The correlations between the emission performance and the total excess air ratio, the positions (4 positions) of the fuel injectors in the main stream, and the inlet temperature are obtained. Experi- mental results show that both the volume concentrations of unburnt hydrocarbon (UHC) and NOx (NO, NO2 usually grouped together as NOx) increase with the increase of total excess air ratio from 1.5 to 3.0; the emission performance relies heavily on the position of the main stream injector, and the best performance is achieved at Position 4 in the experiments; the increase of the inlet temperature impacts on the emission performance positively; the smallest volume concentrations of UHC and NOx obtained in the experiment are 94×10 6 and 2.3×10 6 respectively. This paper validates the feasibility of low emissions for an LPP/TVC and provides a reference for further optimization of TVCs.     

高压压气机可调静子叶片角度a2摆动故障诊断与分析

针对某型航空发动机高压压气机可调静子叶片角度a2摆动故障,以a2控制系统及其原理为基础,建立覆盖整个控制系 统的故障树,并且综合考虑各零部件发生故障的概率、维护排故工作的工作量及难易程度,制定合理有效的排故方案。结果表明： 故障原因为反馈钢索预紧力过紧。本次排故过程介绍的结构原理和总结的排故经验,对a2摆动故障诊断具有指导作用,对该型发 动机在外场使用维护过程中a2相关故障具有借鉴意义,为促进发动机快速成熟提供了技术支撑。     

Design and optimization of a novel electrically controlled high pressure fuel injection system for heavy fuel aircraft piston engine

The heavy fuel compression ignition engines are widely equipped as aircraft piston engines. The fuel injection system is one of the key technologies that determines the performance of engine. One of the main challenges is to precisely control the injected fuel quantity and flow rate in the presence of pressure fluctuation. This challenge is even more serious for heavy fuel. An original design for electrically controlled high pressure fuel injection system called Multi-Pumppressure-reservoirs fuel injection System(MPS) was demonstrated to reduce the pressure fluctuation and help keep injection stable. MPS was compared with an ordinary high pressure Common Rail fuel injection System(CRS). This work established one-dimensional AMESim and mathematical models for both CRS and MPS to study the effect of different structures and geometric parameters on the pressure fluctuations. The calculations show that the average fuel pressure fluctuation of MPS can be reduced by 57% for the crankshaft speed of 1900 r/min, and the pressure fluctuation before injection reduced by 100%. It is concluded that the pressure performance of MPS is less sensitive to pressure reservoir volume than that of CRS, and there is an opportunity for further volume reduction.     

数字全息在固体推进剂铝燃烧三维测量中的应用研究

为获得固体推进剂铝颗粒动态燃烧的精细化过程,将数字全息技术用于固体推进剂铝燃烧三维动态过程测量中,成功地解决了传统光学显微成像法景深过小的问题。搭建了固体推进剂铝燃烧数字全息测量系统,分别在0.1MPa和1.0MPa压强条件下开展了推进剂中铝颗粒燃烧过程的三维测量工作,获得了铝颗粒动态燃烧过程的全息图像。研究结果表明:数字全息技术能够获得不同截面处的颗粒信息,并可跟踪颗粒的动态燃烧过程,准确地获得颗粒粒径信息,真正实现三维动态测量;全息法能够清晰地分辨出动态燃烧过程中十几微米至几百微米量级的铝颗粒,测量误差小于8%;跟踪单一铝颗粒的动态燃烧过程,可获得颗粒粒径、空间分布、粒径分布、燃烧火焰区域、运动速度以及氧化帽的动态生成过程等变化规律。     

电容均压三相四开关变换器预测功率控制

三相四开关变换器直流侧分离电容电压不平衡,将降低其并网电能质量,缩短电解电容寿命。针对该问题,提出了一种直流侧分离电容电压均衡的模型预测功率控制策略。基于αβ两相静止坐标系分析电压矢量,建立功率预测模型。由于直流侧电容中点电压偏差值含有交流分量和直流分量,使用低通滤波器提取直流分量后计算功率补偿值,并计入给定功率,进行模型预测功率控制,实现直流侧分离电容电压均衡。该控制策略无需锁相环和PWM调制,易于实现。通过仿真和试验对其动、静态特性进行分析,验证了所提出控制策略的有效性和可行性。     

高空环境下喷嘴参数对航空活塞发动机燃烧与性能的影响

以一台四缸四冲程压燃式航空煤油活塞发动机为研究机型,运用工程系统高级建模和仿真平台软件(AMESim)仿真软件建立了发动机的整机模型,并使用台架实验的采集数据对该仿真模型进行了验证。在高空环境中,仿真分析了飞行器起飞工况、最大巡航工况下发动机喷油器的不同喷孔数、孔径对发动机燃烧过程、性能和NOx排放特性的影响。计算结果表明:稳态工况下,随着喷孔数的增加,最高燃烧压力和温度增加,瞬时放热率增长速度快且峰值上升;同时,缸内预混燃烧得到强化,燃烧始点提前,滞燃期和燃烧持续期缩短,燃烧重心前移,循环热效率增高,但同时会提高NOx的生成量;在飞行器瞬态变海拔的起飞工况下,多喷孔数、小孔径的喷油嘴有利于航空活塞发动机在高空环境下恢复发动机功率,提升飞行器的动力性和续航性能。      

机翼后缘柔性支撑结构的拓扑优化

针对机翼后缘柔性支撑结构的多目标拓扑优化问题,分析了柔性支撑结构的优化目标及目标函数,并采用位矩阵表示机翼后缘柔性支撑结构,利用非支配排序遗传算法(NSGA-Ⅱ)对该优化问题进行了求解。在优化过程中,引入连通性分析和相似个体过滤,借助ANSYS对可行个体进行有限元分析(FEA),获得了结构质量、变形性能和承载能力等目标值。通过MATLAB对违约个体进行惩罚,实现了位矩阵表示的NSGA-Ⅱ,得到了一组互不支配的机翼后缘柔性支撑优化结构,可根据实际需求选择这些相应的拓扑结构。结果表明,本方法可为机翼后缘柔性支撑结构的拓扑优化提供可行、有效的解。     

高硅氧纤维增强苯并噁嗪树脂复合材料的制备及性能

以苯并噁嗪为基体树脂,短切高硅氧纤维为增强材料,制备了一种模压用复合材料。研究了该树脂的热性能、固化动力学性能及力学性能。结果表明,苯并噁嗪增强高硅氧纤维混合物随固化温度升高工艺窗口未发生显著变化,利用Kissinger、Crane法得到固化反应活化能为69.619 kJ/mol,反应级数为0.95。复合材料拉伸强度为35.5 MPa,,压缩强度为196 MPa,线烧蚀率为0.14 mm /s.