Experimental Study on Emission Performance of an LPP/TVC

A key issue in the commercial aircraft engine design is environmental acceptability, and designers are continually challenged to reduce emissions. In this paper, an experimental investigation is performed to evaluate the emission performance of a liquid-fueled trapped vortex combustor (TVC) under lean premixed prevaporized (LPP) mode. When operating as an LPP system, a TVC is fueled both in the cavities and in the main stream. The correlations between the emission performance and the total excess air ratio, the positions (4 positions) of the fuel injectors in the main stream, and the inlet temperature are obtained. Experi- mental results show that both the volume concentrations of unburnt hydrocarbon (UHC) and NOx (NO, NO2 usually grouped together as NOx) increase with the increase of total excess air ratio from 1.5 to 3.0; the emission performance relies heavily on the position of the main stream injector, and the best performance is achieved at Position 4 in the experiments; the increase of the inlet temperature impacts on the emission performance positively; the smallest volume concentrations of UHC and NOx obtained in the experiment are 94×10 6 and 2.3×10 6 respectively. This paper validates the feasibility of low emissions for an LPP/TVC and provides a reference for further optimization of TVCs.     

固有模态函数(IMF)积检测器——以低信噪比情况下超宽带雷达信号检测为例

首次提出了一种固有模态函数积检测器.首先通过经验模式分解(EMD)把带噪信号分解成有限个固有模态函数(IMF).检测的基本思路是,对各个IMF分量的绝对值作逐点乘积,用于抑制噪声并凸现信号,最后进行滤波和判决.本文以UWB信号为例,数据源于UWB雷达实验系统.在低信噪比(SNR),UWB脉冲与噪声波形相似,且噪声概率密度函数(PDF)未知情况下,进行实验.结果表明,当峰峰信噪比低于5 dB时,该检测器性能优于Teager能量算子(TEO).     

无隔道超声速进气道附面层排除特性飞行试验研究

为了分析评估某型歼击机无隔道进气道附面层的排除特性,设计搭建鼓包表面附面层压力梯度测量试验系统,进行了不同飞行高度、马赫数和姿态角等工况下的飞行试验。通过对飞行试验数据的整理、计算和对比分析同型号的缩比模型风洞试验结果,研究了无隔道进气道鼓包表面附面层排除特性。研究结果表明：稳定平飞时,在亚音速范围内,随着飞行高度的增加,鼓包构型对附面层的排除效果增大,而在超音速范围内,变化规律相反;在接近马赫数1.8及以上飞行工况下,鼓包表面附面层的扫除能力有所减弱,附面层气流分离加速,进而会造成较大的进气压力损失和畸变。单纯迎角飞行有利于增强附面层的排除能力;而带侧滑角飞行时,附面层压力系数曲线的拐点沿鼓包中心线平行向“背风面”偏移,偏移量与侧滑角成正比,进气道鼓包表面“迎风面”附面层排除能力增大,而“背风面”受气流分离影响而减弱。     

煤油燃料超燃冲压发动机燃烧特性实验研究

为研究空气节流时序对超燃冲压发动机点火和火焰稳定的影响,本文通过实验方法研究了13个状态的煤油燃料超燃冲压发动机的燃烧特性,煤油燃烧通过先锋氢气和节流空气增强稳定性。通过两个固定位置的压力传感器来监测火焰稳定状态,采用纹影和OH-PLIF相结合的测量手段,获得了流场结构和火焰发展信息。发动机入口来流条件为Ma = 2.0,总温950 K,总压0.82 MPa。在空气节流的作用下,煤油被先锋火焰引燃;在先锋氢撤除后,煤油仍然可以稳定燃烧。在扩张段中,空气节流和燃烧共同作用产生的激波串移动速度约为52 m/s,但在凹槽内其速度仅为3.7 m/s。通过监测点压力变化情况可以区分所研究状态的火焰稳定与否,通过对13个研究状态的考察,获得了火焰稳定临界曲线。当所研究状态点在临界曲线右上方区域时,火焰状态稳定;当所研究状态点在临界曲线左下方区域时,火焰将被吹熄;当所研究状态点在临界曲线上时,火焰不稳定,在空气节流撤除之前将被吹熄。     

全封闭中空异型薄壁复合材料结构成型

以某航天器复合材料一体化摇臂为实例,针对其全封闭、非线性、变截面、变壁厚、细长中空的薄壁结构进行成型工艺方案研究。通过以可溶性芯模为铺层芯模,解决了铺层和脱模问题;选用气囊加压方式,解决了加压和成型问题。结果表明：经过4次-65～60 ℃的高低温循环试验,摇臂结构内部无分层、裂纹等缺陷产生;制备的复合材料摇臂顺利通过鉴定级力学试验,力学性能满足设计要求。采用气囊加压和可溶性芯模相结合的工艺方案,实现了低成本、短周期制备航天器复合材料主承力构件的目标,对类似的全封闭异型复合材料结构的研制具有一定借鉴意义。     

广义回归神经网络在光纤陀螺零偏补偿中的应用

因测量精度高、制造工艺简单,光纤陀螺在惯性导航系统中获得了广泛应用,但是温度的变化会使光纤陀螺产生测量误差.针对光纤陀螺的零偏容易受到环境温度影响的问题,提出了使用改进的广义回归神经网络建立光纤陀螺变温零偏补偿模型的方法,有效改善了光纤陀螺的变温零偏稳定性.该模型采用果蝇算法寻找广义回归神经网络的最优光滑因子,提高了模型的拟合精度及计算效率.在相同条件下,对比分析了应用传统广义回归神经网络和改进广义回归神经网络对光纤陀螺变温零偏进行补偿的效果.结果表明,改进的广义回归神经网络模型补偿精度较传统广义回归神经网络模型提升了27％.     

用于RFOG的光学锁相环仿真研究

谐振式光纤陀螺是实现光纤陀螺小型化发展的重要方向,具有广阔的应用背景和很好的应用前景。而激光器作为谐振式光纤陀螺的关键设备之一,其性能直接影响着谐振式光纤陀螺的精度。为了解决谐振式光学陀螺的背反噪声问题,采用光学锁相环技术对激光器频率进行锁定的方案,通过对光学锁相环进行建模、仿真分析,重点研究了锁相原理及锁相方案,验证了基于电流调制的半导体激光器的光学锁相环可行性。最终验证了光学锁相环的相位锁定效果,实现了两激光器输出频率差值稳定的设计目标。     

面向单目立体视觉的立方镜图像处理技术

面向单目视觉辅助光电准直仪对立方镜进行准直的需求,研究针对立方镜图像的数字图像处理技术。采用Canny边缘检测方法得到灰度图像中的边缘信息,借助Hough变换按照直线程度的强弱对边缘信息进行分类提取,得到图像中立方镜棱边对应的直线信息。按照偏角与截距对棱边直线信息进行分类排序,结合先验知识得到立方镜角点对应的配对相交直线,对配对直线求交点得到立方镜角点在图像中的位置,得到的立方镜棱边及角点信息为后续的立方镜位姿计算提供了基础数据。     

Design and application of an Electric Tail Rotor Drive Control (ETRDC) for helicopters with performance tests

With the development of electric helicopters’ motor technology and the widespread use of electric drive rotors, more aircraft use electric rotors to provide thrust and directional control. For a helicopter tail rotor, the wake of the main rotor influences the tail rotor’s inflow and wake. In the procedure of controlling, crosswind will also cause changes to the tail disk load. This paper describes requirements and design principles of an electric motor drive and variable pitch tail rotor system. A particular spoke-type architecture of the motor is designed, and the performance of blades is analyzed by the CFD method. The demand for simplicity of moving parts and strict constraints on the weight of a helicopter makes the design of electrical and mechanical components challenging. Different solutions have been investigated to propose an effective alternative to the mechanical actuation system. A test platform is constructed which can collect the dynamic response of the thrust control. The enhancement of the response speed due to an individual motor speed control and variable-pitch system is validated.     

A multi-order method for predicting stability of a multi-delay milling system considering helix angle and run-out effects

In this paper, a multi-delay milling system considering helix angle and run-out effects is firstly established. An exponential cutting force model is used to model the interaction between a work-piece and a cutting tool, and a new approach is presented for accurately calibrating exponential cutting force coefficients and cutter run-out parameters. Furthermore, based on an implicit multi-step Adams formula and an improved precise time-integration algorithm, a novel stability prediction method is proposed to predict the stability of the system. The involved time delay term and periodic coefficient term are integrated as a comprehensive state term in the integral response which is approximated by the Adams formula. Then, a Floquet transition matrix with an arbitrary-order form is constructed by using a series of matrix multiplication, and the stability of the system is determined by the Floquet theory. Compared to classical semi-discretization methods and full-discretization methods, the developed method shows a good performance in convergence, efficiency, accuracy, and multi-order complexity. A series of cutting tests is further carried out to validate the practicability and effectiveness of the proposed method. The results show that the calibration process needs a time of less than 5 min, and the stability prediction method is effective.