带凹腔支板的数值模拟

用大涡模拟的方法对带凹腔支板进行了数值模拟.采用Smagorinsky-Lily亚网格尺度模型,并用SIMPLE算法和中心差分格式求解离散方程.仿真结果表明:凹腔对支板尾流有一定的影响;在本文研究的凹腔深度范围内(5mm、11 mm、15mm),随着凹腔深度的增加,尾流近壁面旋涡的最大涡量值先减小后增大,频率先增大后减小.     

刷式封严初期使用特性的实验和数值研究

为了获得刷式封严在使用初期的泄漏特性,分别对两组实验件进行了27小时和50小时的泄漏特性实验,并利用多孔介质模型对实验结果进行了数值分析。实验表明:在使用初期,刷式封严的泄漏量与上下游的压差成正比;随着使用时间的增加,其泄漏水平逐渐降低直至最后趋于稳定。数值分析表明:在使用初期,刷丝排列由最初的疏松状态逐渐趋于紧密,并最终稳定在接近于紧密差排的状态,刷丝排列状态的变化改变了刷束的孔隙率,从而改变了刷束对流体泄漏的阻力,导致了刷式封严泄漏水平的变化。     

涡扇发动机排气系统红外特征

采用反向蒙特卡罗法(Reverse Monte-carlo,简称RMC)结合窄带模型计算了模型涡扇发动机(不带加力)排气系统的红外辐射强度。考虑了金属壁面的发射和反射以及燃气中CO2,CO和H2O等组分的吸收、发射和透射,组分的吸收系数由NASA SP3080数据库获得,并对判断射线归宿的过程进行了改进,开发了计算程序。实验测量了模型涡扇发动机排气系统的中波红外光谱辐射强度及其空间辐射强度分布。结果表明:计算得到的3～5μm波段内的光谱辐射强度以及空间辐射强度分布与实验值吻合较好,最大误差为10%左右,本文的计算方法能比较准确地反映涡扇发动机排气系统在非加力状态下的中波红外辐射特征。     

混合排气二元收敛喷管气动与红外隐身综合设计方法

为使混合排气二元收敛喷管的设计在满足发动机推力性能要求的同时,也具有良好的红外特征信号抑制效果,从固定式混合排气二元收敛喷管的设计要求出发,提出了一套混合排气二元收敛喷管气动与红外隐身综合设计的方法和流程.并通过算例计算验证了该设计方法的可行性.另外,计算结果表明:二元喷管的进口截面位置、喷管总长、出口面积以及出口宽高比等几何参数对实现喷管推力性能均起到关键作用;而合理确定出口宽高比,对实现喷管红外隐身性能具有重要作用.      

直通篦齿蜂窝封严结构的风阻特性试验

试验研究了直通直齿和直通斜齿与蜂窝衬套和光滑衬套4种组合的三齿两腔封严结构的风阻特性,得到了风阻特性随转速、压比、衬套和齿形结构的变化规律.结果表明:4种组合封严结构在低转速时风阻生热基本都可以忽略,转速在3000r/min到6000r/min之间变化时风阻生热引起的流体总温升随转速增大;采用光滑衬套时,泄漏流体流至首级齿腔处的总温升占进出口总温升比例维持在45%以上,而蜂窝衬套对气流黏滞作用大,低压比时首级齿腔总温升占进出口总温升的比例仅有20%左右,继续增加压比,首级齿腔处的总温升比例由20%增加到50%左右后保持不变;相同衬套时,斜齿比直齿具有较长的齿表面曲线长度,从而具有较高的风阻生热.      

The Magnetic Field of Mercury

The magnetic field strength of Mercury at the planet’s surface is approximately 1% that of Earth’s surface field. This comparatively low field strength presents a number of challenges, both theoretically to understand how it is generated and observationally to distinguish the internal field from that due to the solar wind interaction. Conversely, the small field also means that Mercury offers an important opportunity to advance our understanding both of planetary magnetic field generation and magnetosphere-solar wind interactions. The observations from the Mariner 10 magnetometer in 1974 and 1975, and the MESSENGER Magnetometer and plasma instruments during the probe’s first two flybys of Mercury on 14 January and 6 October 2008, provide the basis for our current knowledge of the internal field. The external field arising from the interaction of the magnetosphere with the solar wind is more prominent near Mercury than for any other magnetized planet in the Solar System, and particular attention is therefore paid to indications in the observations of deficiencies in our understanding of the external field. The second MESSENGER flyby occurred over the opposite hemisphere from the other flybys, and these newest data constrain the tilt of the planetary moment from the planet’s spin axis to be less than 5°. Considered as a dipole field, the moment is in the range 240 to 270 nT-R _M ³ , where R _M is Mercury’s radius. Multipole solutions for the planetary field yield a smaller dipole term, 180 to 220 nT-R _M ³ , and higher-order terms that together yield an equatorial surface field from 250 to 290 nT. From the spatial distribution of the fit residuals, the equatorial data are seen to reflect a weaker northward field and a strongly radial field, neither of which can be explained by a centered-dipole matched to the field measured near the pole by Mariner 10. This disparity is a major factor controlling the higher-order terms in the multipole solutions. The residuals are not largest close to the planet, and when considered in magnetospheric coordinates the residuals indicate the presence of a cross-tail current extending to within 0.5R _M altitude on the nightside. A near-tail current with a density of 0.1 μA/m² could account for the low field intensities recorded near the equator. In addition, the MESSENGER flybys include the first plasma observations from Mercury and demonstrate that solar wind plasma is present at low altitudes, below 500 km. Although we can be confident in the dipole-only moment estimates, the data in hand remain subject to ambiguities for distinguishing internal from external contributions. The anticipated observations from orbit at Mercury, first from MESSENGER beginning in March 2011 and later from the dual-spacecraft BepiColombo mission, will be essential to elucidate the higher-order structure in the magnetic field of Mercury that will reveal the telltale signatures of the physics responsible for its generation.     

基于模糊PID控制的模型直升机自主返回系统

旨在设计一架具有自主返回模块及增稳模块的模型直升机,该直升机以C805IF020单片机作为机载部分控制器,运用无线收发模块实现与地面站的通信.本文介绍了模型直升机自主返回系统各模块的功能及实现,用系统辨识法分通道建立了直升机模型,详细描述了基于参数寻优的模糊自适应PID控制器的设计方法,运用Simulink进行性能分析...     

Research into Configuration and Flow of Wall Oil Film in Bearing Chamber Based on Droplet Size Distribution

The lubrication design and heat transfer determination of bearing chambers in aeroengine require a sufficient understanding of the oil droplet-film interaction and physical characteristic in an oil/air two-phase flow state.The analyses of oil droplet movement,mass and momentum transfer during the impingement of droplet/wall,as well as wall oil film thickness and flow velocity are very important for the bearing chamber lubrication and heat transfer calculation.An integrated model in combination with droplet movement,droplet/wall impact and film flow analysis is put forward initially based on the consideration of droplet size distribution.The model makes a contribution to provide more practical and feasible technical approach,which is not only for the study of droplet-film interaction and physical behavior in bearing chambers with oil/air two-phase flow phenomena,but also useful for an insight into the essence of physical course through droplet movement and deposition,film formation and flow.The influences of chamber geometries and operating conditions on droplet deposition mass and momentum transfer,and wall film thickness and velocity distribution are discussed.The feasibility of the method by theoretical analysis is also verified by the existing experimental data.The current work is conducive to expose the physical behavior of wall oil film configuration and flow in bearing chamber,and also significant for bearing chamber lubrication and heat transfer study under oil/air two-phase flow conditions.     

合排气二元收敛喷管与发动机流量匹配设计方法

发展了一种基于喷管三维黏性数值分析的内外涵气流质量流量匹配设计方法.该方法主要是通过建立以喷管待定几何参数为未知量的非线性无量纲内外涵气流质量流量匹配方程组,然后采用逐步线性迭代法结合喷管三维黏性数值分析对该非线性方程组进行求解,得到满足发动机内外涵流量匹配的喷管设计方案.通过数值算例验证分析,结果表明：①该方法可以快...     

狭缝间距变化对冲击-多斜孔壁换热特性影响的数值与试验研究

数值研究了冲击-多斜孔壁复合冷却方式中,狭缝间距在1D* ~4D*(D*为当量直径)范围内变化时对换热特性的影响,并通过试验研究证明了数值模拟结果的正确性.研究发现,狭缝间距变化,使得冲击射流的发展以及狭缝内的气流抽吸、涡旋的形成受到不同程度的影响,换热效果随着间距的增大先增大后减小.研究还发现,流体微团在狭缝中的流动以平动形式为主,在多斜孔和冲击孔孔内以及邻近区域表现为明显的转动特征.微团转动的增强提高了换热效果.