排序方式: 共有23条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
11.
J. Rodriguez V. Lapuerta A. Laveron-Simavilla M. Cordero-Gracia 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2014
An experiment in microgravity conditions aboard the TEXUS-23 mission was performed to obtain the deformation up to breakage of a cylindrical liquid column in isorotation around an eccentric axis. In previous work, breakage rotation speed was predicted by a numerical method. This method was validated by comparison with analytical and experimental results. The non-symmetric breakage of the liquid column observed in the experiment, however, was not explained by the combined effect of rotation and eccentricity. 相似文献
12.
Juan Jimenez Julian Anaya Jorge Souto 《南京航空航天大学学报(英文版)》2014,(2):186-190
Catastrophic degradation of high power laser diodes is due to the generation of extended defects inside the active parts of the laser structure during the laser operation. The mechanism driving the degradation is strongly re- lated to the existence of localized thermal stresses generated during the laser operation. These thermal stresses can overcome the yield strength of the materials forming the active part of the laser diode. Different factors contribute to reduce the laser power threshold for degradation. Among them the thermal transport across the laser structure constitutes a critical issue for the reliability of the device. 相似文献
13.
P. R. Gazis A. Balogh S. Dalla R. Decker B. Heber T. Horbury A. Kilchenmann J. Kota H. Kucharek H. Kunow D. Lario M. S. Potgieter J. D. Richardson P. Riley L. Rodriguez G. Siscoe R. von Steiger 《Space Science Reviews》2006,123(1-3):417-451
Interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs) propagate into the outer heliosphere, where they can have a significant effect on the structure, evolution, and morphology of the solar wind, particularly during times of high solar activity. They are known to play an important role in cosmic ray modulation and the acceleration of energetic particles. ICMEs are also believed to be associated with the large global transient events that swept through the heliosphere during the declining phases of solar cycles 21 and 22. But until recently, little was known about the actual behavior of ICMEs at large heliographic latitudes and large distances from the Sun. Over the past decade, the Ulysses spacecraft has provided in situ observations of ICMEs at moderate heliographic distances over a broad range of heliographic latitudes. More recently, observations of alpha particle enhancements, proton temperature depressions, and magnetic clouds at the Voyager and Pioneer spacecraft have begun to provide comparable information regarding the behavior of ICMEs at extremely large heliocentric distances. At the same time, advances in modeling have provided new insights into the dynamics and evolution of ICMEs and their effects on cosmic rays and energetic particles. 相似文献
14.
G. A. Berg W. J. Raitt D. C. Thompson B. E. Gilchrist N. B. Myers P. Rodriguez C. L. Siefring H. R. Anderson D. W. Potter 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》1995,15(12):83-86
Four recent sounding rocket experiments demonstrate that the release of neutral gas from both positively and negatively charged vehicles returns the vehicle potential to near the plasma potential. Early active experiment payloads, CHARGE-2 and SPEAR-1, observed enhanced currents from/to the vehicles during unplanned attitude thruster firings. The follow-on CHARGE-2B and SPEAR-3 payloads directly measured the changes to the vehicle potential caused by both planned argon and unplanned nitrogen releases. The gas releases from positively charged CHARGE-2B consistently reduced the potential to 20–50 V, whereas the gas releases from negatively charged SPEAR-3 brought the potential to between −200 and −500 V. The difference in grounding levels for positively and negatively charged payloads suggests that the gas responsible for grounding is near the vehicle, within a small fraction of the sheath size. 相似文献
15.
H. O. Funsten F. Allegrini P. Bochsler G. Dunn S. Ellis D. Everett M. J. Fagan S. A. Fuselier M. Granoff M. Gruntman A. A. Guthrie J. Hanley R. W. Harper D. Heirtzler P. Janzen K. H. Kihara B. King H. Kucharek M. P. Manzo M. Maple K. Mashburn D. J. McComas E. Moebius J. Nolin D. Piazza S. Pope D. B. Reisenfeld B. Rodriguez E. C. Roelof L. Saul S. Turco P. Valek S. Weidner P. Wurz S. Zaffke 《Space Science Reviews》2009,146(1-4):75-103
The IBEX-Hi Neutral Atom Imager of the Interstellar Boundary Explorer (IBEX) mission is designed to measure energetic neutral atoms (ENAs) originating from the interaction region between the heliosphere and the local interstellar medium (LISM). These ENAs are plasma ions that have been heated in the interaction region and neutralized by charge exchange with the cold neutral atoms of the LISM that freely flow through the interaction region. IBEX-Hi is a single pixel ENA imager that covers the ENA spectral range from 0.38 to 6 keV and shares significant energy overlap and overall design philosophy with the IBEX-Lo sensor. Because of the anticipated low flux of these ENAs at 1 AU, the sensor has a large geometric factor and incorporates numerous techniques to minimize noise and backgrounds. The IBEX-Hi sensor has a field-of-view (FOV) of 6.5°×6.5° FWHM, and a 6.5°×360° swath of the sky is imaged over each spacecraft spin. IBEX-Hi utilizes an ultrathin carbon foil to ionize ENAs in order to measure their energy by subsequent electrostatic analysis. A multiple coincidence detection scheme using channel electron multiplier (CEM) detectors enables reliable detection of ENAs in the presence of substantial noise. During normal operation, the sensor steps through six energy steps every 12 spacecraft spins. Over a single IBEX orbit of about 8 days, a single 6.5°×360° swath of the sky is viewed, and re-pointing of the spin axis toward the Sun near perigee of each IBEX orbit moves the ecliptic longitude by about 8° every orbit such that a full sky map is acquired every six months. These global maps, covering the spectral range of IBEX-Hi and coupled to the IBEX-Lo maps at lower and overlapping energies, will answer fundamental questions about the structure and dynamics of the interaction region between the heliosphere and the LISM. 相似文献
16.
F. Allegrini G. B. Crew D. Demkee H. O. Funsten D. J. McComas B. Randol B. Rodriguez N. A. Schwadron P. Valek S. Weidner 《Space Science Reviews》2009,146(1-4):105-115
The IBEX Background Monitor (IBaM) provides a small and lightweight method for independently measuring IBEX’s high-energy proton background by integrating the flux of >~14 keV protons over a ~7° conical FOV. The IBaM is part of the IBEX-Hi sensor and has a co-aligned look direction. This paper describes the principle of the IBaM and details its design and responses. In particular, we show the response of major components to both ions and ultraviolet (UV) light background. We also provide the geometric factor and calculate expected count rates. 相似文献
17.
Aymeric Spiga Don Banfield Nicholas A. Teanby François Forget Antoine Lucas Balthasar Kenda Jose Antonio Rodriguez Manfredi Rudolf Widmer-Schnidrig Naomi Murdoch Mark T. Lemmon Raphaël F. Garcia Léo Martire Özgür Karatekin Sébastien Le Maistre Bart Van Hove Véronique Dehant Philippe Lognonné Nils Mueller Ralph Lorenz David Mimoun Sébastien Rodriguez Éric Beucler Ingrid Daubar Matthew P. Golombek Tanguy Bertrand Yasuhiro Nishikawa Ehouarn Millour Lucie Rolland Quentin Brissaud Taichi Kawamura Antoine Mocquet Roland Martin John Clinton Éléonore Stutzmann Tilman Spohn Suzanne Smrekar William B. Banerdt 《Space Science Reviews》2018,214(7):109
In November 2018, for the first time a dedicated geophysical station, the InSight lander, will be deployed on the surface of Mars. Along with the two main geophysical packages, the Seismic Experiment for Interior Structure (SEIS) and the Heat-Flow and Physical Properties Package (HP3), the InSight lander holds a highly sensitive pressure sensor (PS) and the Temperature and Winds for InSight (TWINS) instrument, both of which (along with the InSight FluxGate (IFG) Magnetometer) form the Auxiliary Sensor Payload Suite (APSS). Associated with the RADiometer (RAD) instrument which will measure the surface brightness temperature, and the Instrument Deployment Camera (IDC) which will be used to quantify atmospheric opacity, this will make InSight capable to act as a meteorological station at the surface of Mars. While probing the internal structure of Mars is the primary scientific goal of the mission, atmospheric science remains a key science objective for InSight. InSight has the potential to provide a more continuous and higher-frequency record of pressure, air temperature and winds at the surface of Mars than previous in situ missions. In the paper, key results from multiscale meteorological modeling, from Global Climate Models to Large-Eddy Simulations, are described as a reference for future studies based on the InSight measurements during operations. We summarize the capabilities of InSight for atmospheric observations, from profiling during Entry, Descent and Landing to surface measurements (pressure, temperature, winds, angular momentum), and the plans for how InSight’s sensors will be used during operations, as well as possible synergies with orbital observations. In a dedicated section, we describe the seismic impact of atmospheric phenomena (from the point of view of both “noise” to be decorrelated from the seismic signal and “signal” to provide information on atmospheric processes). We discuss in this framework Planetary Boundary Layer turbulence, with a focus on convective vortices and dust devils, gravity waves (with idealized modeling), and large-scale circulations. Our paper also presents possible new, exploratory, studies with the InSight instrumentation: surface layer scaling and exploration of the Monin-Obukhov model, aeolian surface changes and saltation / lifing studies, and monitoring of secular pressure changes. The InSight mission will be instrumental in broadening the knowledge of the Martian atmosphere, with a unique set of measurements from the surface of Mars. 相似文献
18.
R. W. Ebert D. J. McComas B. Rodriguez P. Valek S. Weidner 《Space Science Reviews》2010,156(1-4):1-12
We describe the response of the Solar Wind Around Pluto (SWAP) instrument (McComas et al. in Space Sci. Rev. 140:261, 2008) to 1–40 amu ions in order to assess whether it can be used to determine plasma composition. Our goal is to enhance the scientific return on the SWAP plasma measurements obtained during the New Horizons traversal down Jupiter’s magnetotail in 2007. We present calibration data for the SWAP flight instrument and another largely flight-like SWAP sensor, dubbed “SWAP-II”. SWAP’s mass-dependent response was characterized by analyzing the count ratios from its two channel electron multipliers (CEMs). We observe significant differences in the instrument response between light (mass ≤ He) and heavy (mass > He) ions, especially for energies below ~4 keV. We attribute these differences to the mass-dependent electron emission yield from SWAP’s ultra-thin (~1 μg/cm2) carbon foil. Using these results, we develop a plasma composition analysis technique to statistically distinguish between light and heavy plasma ions measured by the instrument. 相似文献
19.
DeWitt HL Hasenkopf CA Trainer MG Farmer DK Jimenez JL McKay CP Toon OB Tolbert MA 《Astrobiology》2010,10(8):773-781
The presence of sulfur mass-independent fractionation (S-MIF) in sediments more than 2.45?×?10(9) years old is thought to be evidence for an early anoxic atmosphere. Photolysis of sulfur dioxide (SO(2)) by UV light with λ?220?nm has been shown in models and some initial laboratory studies to create a S-MIF; however, sulfur must leave the atmosphere in at least two chemically different forms to preserve any S-MIF signature. Two commonly cited examples of chemically different sulfur species that could have exited the atmosphere are elemental sulfur (S(8)) and sulfuric acid (H(2)SO(4)) aerosols. Here, we use real-time aerosol mass spectrometry to directly detect the sulfur-containing aerosols formed when SO(2) either photolyzes at wavelengths from 115 to 400?nm, to simulate the UV solar spectrum, or interacts with high-energy electrons, to simulate lightning. We found that sulfur-containing aerosols form under all laboratory conditions. Further, the addition of a reducing gas, in our experiments hydrogen (H(2)) or methane (CH(4)), increased the formation of S(8). With UV photolysis, formation of S(8) aerosols is highly dependent on the initial SO(2) pressure; and S(8) is only formed at a 2% SO(2) mixing ratio and greater in the absence of a reductant, and at a 0.2% SO(2) mixing ratio and greater in the presence of 1000?ppmv CH(4). We also found that organosulfur compounds are formed from the photolysis of CH(4) and moderate amounts of SO(2). The implications for sulfur aerosols on early Earth are discussed. Key Words: S-MIF-Archean atmosphere-Early Earth-Sulfur aerosols. 相似文献
20.
Garcia Herrero J. Besada Portas J.A. Jimenez Rodriguez F.J. Casar Corredera J.R. 《IEEE transactions on aerospace and electronic systems》2001,37(2):563-585
An airport surveillance function operating on surface movement radar (SMR) images is proposed and evaluated. The main contributions presented are the statistical error models of the target centroid and attributes extracted from radar images, developed and applied to the design of its main data processing blocks. Besides a multihypothesis image-to-tracks assignment method, a tracking filter using the extracted orientation and a classification scheme based on target attributes is detailed. The error models confidence and processing methods performance are demonstrated through simulation in representative scenarios 相似文献