利用激光进行陀螺动平衡

利用控制的高能激光脉冲去除不平衡量的优点是:在极高转速的陀螺上,原则上能做到质量平衡。与此相反——如前所述——用普通的机械去重法(例如钻孔法)只能在静止的转子上进行不平衡量的去除。然而,从原则上来看,在陀螺工作时进行动平衡既节省时间又较精确。激光动平衡法还有的优     

Spacelab concept and its utilization for science

The first part of the paper is devoted to the presentation of the Spacelab concepts, for which detailed design studies are at present being carried out by ESRO. The second part concentrates on the utilization of the Spacelab for the various fields of science, namely: (1) Atmospheric and space plasma physics, (2) Astronomy and astrophysics, (3) Material science and (4) Life sciences. The advantages of using the Spacelab for observations in these fields as compared to conventional automated satellites are highlighted.     

强迫振荡理论

本文给出了基于基本守恒方程的一维轴向稳定分析。分析方法与经典方法不同,区别在于利用一些显式关系项来说明在固体推进剂火箭发动机中声学系统与各种结构、燃烧和呈现的流动现象之间的相互作用。此外,本文处理控制方程的方式也与经典的方法不同,即得到声学系统正态模型的稳定性余量和固有频率的方法与经典方法不一样。本文给出了用这种分析方法研究相互作用的一个例子。这就是试验台轴向振动与声学系统压力振荡之间的相互作用。结果表明,如果振荡频率和振幅需要精确地确定的话,各单个系统即声学和试验台结构不能再单独地考虑。     

试验测量精度指导

用统计学原理和数学方法来改进模型,在手册第Ⅰ节中有介绍。在手册的第Ⅱ节中,不确定度模型用数学、图表以及带有如何应用模型数字方块图的例子作了介绍。这些方法在逻辑判定图12中概述。手册的其余部分专门介绍了特殊测量模型的应用,诸如:力、燃料流量、压力、温度、空气气流、净推力、净单位推力燃料消耗率以及专门的方法。     

Planetary quarantine in the solar system. Survival rates of some terrestrial organisms under simulated space conditions by proton irradiation

We have been studying the survival rates of some species of terrestrial unicellular and multicellular organism (viruses, bacteria, yeasts, fungi, algae, etc.) under simulated interstellar conditions, in connection with planetary quarantine. The interstellar environment in the solar system has been simulated by low temperature, high vacuum (77 K, 4 x 10(-8) torr), and proton irradiation from a Van de Graaff generator. After exposure to a barrage of protons corresponding to about 250 years of irradiation in solar space, tobacco mosaic virus, Bacillus subtilis spores, Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus flavus, Aspergillus niger spores, and Clostridium mangenoti spores showed survival rates of 82, 45, 74, 13, 28, and 25%, respectively.     

高空飞行相关知识：飞行的环境

中国民航《公共航空运输承运人运行合格审定规则》(121部)中第121.419条d项规定:“在7600米(25000英尺)以上高度的飞行中服务的机组成员,应当接受下列内容的教育:(1)呼吸原理;(2)生理组织缺氧;(3)高空不供氧情况下的有知觉持续时间;(4)气体膨胀; (5)气泡的形成; (6)减压的物理现象和事件。” 拥有一万小时喷气机经历、曾任奖状(Citation)飞机的教员以及飞安国际(FlightSafety International)的计划经理的Linda D. Pendleton,于1999年撰写了《飞行员应该了解的高空生理学、缺氧现象和快速释压方面的相关知识》一文,被认为是关于高空生理学和释压方面最为权威的论文。该文写于当年一架载有高尔夫球手Payne Stewart及其他五位乘客的Lear 35型飞机因不明原因的飞行员失能而失事之后,试图从高空飞行的相关因素的角度,分析可能的事故原因。供职于南航珠海有限公司飞安部的李炜晟把该文翻译成中文,本刊将陆续刊发这篇文章的内容,向读者介绍这方面的知识。     

Ground-based simulations of cosmic ray heavy ion interactions in spacecraft and planetary habitat shielding materials

This paper surveys some recent accelerator-based measurements of the nuclear fragmentation of high energy nuclei in shielding and tissue-equivalent materials. These data are needed to make accurate predictions of the radiation field produced at depth in spacecraft and planetary habitat shielding materials and in the human body by heavy charged particles in the galactic cosmic radiation. Projectile-target combinations include 1 GeV/nucleon 56Fe incident on aluminum and graphite and 600 MeV/nucleon 56Fe and 290 MeV/nucleon 12C on polyethylene. We present examples of the dependence of fragmentation on material type and thickness, of a comparison between data and a fragmentation model, and of multiple fragments produced along the beam axis.     

Analysis of the pre-flight and post-flight calibration procedures performed on the Liulin space radiation dosimeter

Liulin, a dosimetry-radiometry system, was developed to satisfy the requirements for active flux and dose rate measurements for the flight of the second Bulgarian cosmonaut in 1988. The system consists of a compact battery-operated silicon solid state detector unit and a read/write microcomputer and telemetry unit. We describe the pre-flight calibrations with charged particles, using radioactive sources and accelerated 170 MeV/nucleon proton and alpha particles at the Dubna, Russia cyclotron. We discuss comparisons with data obtained on Mir with the French-built tissue equivalent LET spectrometer NAUSICAA. Lastly, we describe post-flight calibrations performed with 1 GeV/nucleon 56Fe ions at the Brookhaven National Laboratory AGS accelerator, where the instrument was mounted in tandem with several thin position-sensitive silicon detectors behind a stopping target. The silicon detectors provided an energy spectrum for the surviving charged nuclear fragments for which the flux and absorbed dose were recorded by Liulin.     

Dynamic change of ERPs related to selective attention to signals from left and right visual field during head-down tilt

To study further the effect of head-down tilt (HDT) on slow positive potential in the event-related potentials (ERPs), the temporal and spatial features of visual ERPs changes during 2 hour HDT (-10 degrees) were compared with that during HUT (+20 degrees) in 15 normal subjects. The stimuli were consisted of two color LED flashes appeared randomly in left or right visual field (LVF or RVF) with same probability. The subjects were asked to make switch response to target signals (T) differentially: switching to left for T in LVF and to right for T in RVF, ignoring non-target signals(N). Five sets of tests were made during HUT and HDT. ERPs were obtained from 9 locations on scalp. The mean value of the ERPs in the period from 0.32-0.55 s was taken as the amplitude of slow positive potential(P400). The main results were as follows. 1) The mean amplitude of P400 decreased during HDT which was more significant at the 2nd, 3rd and 5th set of tests; 2) spatially, the reduction of mean P400 amplitude during HDT was more significant for signals from RVF and was more significant at posterior and central brain regions than that on frontal locations. As that the positive potential probably reflects the active inhibition activity in the brain during attention process, these data provide further evidence showing that the higher brain function was affected by the simulated weightlessness and that this effect was not only transient but also with interesting spatial characteristics.