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451.
452.
大型桁架式可展开航天结构在地面试验时,存在大挠度变形、精度低、泛用性差等结构特点,为提高地面试验有效性,提出了一种自适应多点悬挂重力补偿控制方法。首先,设计系统辨识算法和控制器算法,解决了多点耦合问题。其次,建立Simulink与Adams联合仿真平台,通过仿真分析选择算法参数,验证了算法的可行性。最后,以大型桁架式航天天线为对象,搭建重力补偿系统实验平台并进行实验验证。实验结果表明:控制系统在稳态环境和动态环境下均能快速收敛。稳态环境下,平均稳态误差为0.5503%;动态环境下,平均稳态误差0.526%。完成了航天结构天线的重力补偿,为多点重力补偿系统方案的实施提供建议和改进措施。 相似文献
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454.
Cardiovascular Actaptation was evaluated on 2 astronauts: one wearing thigh cuffs from flight day 1 to 8 (14d flight), the second without cuffs (21d flight). Ultrasound investigations were performed at rest and during LBNP. Results: Without thigh cuffs the cardiovascular Actaptation consists in (1) the development of a hypovolemia with an increase of the heart rate and the cardiac output, (2) the decrease of the vascular tone in the deep (mesenteric and splanchnic) and peripheral (Lower limbs) vascular areas. The use of thigh cuffs maintains the volemia and the cardiac output at the preflight level (without heart rate increase) and prevents the loss of vascular tone in the deep and peripheral areas. Moreover the adaptative process changes since the cuffs are removed and even the volemia seems to be unaffected at this stage the vascular tone decreases to a comparable extend as during the flight without cuffs. Nevertheless during the flight without cuffs or 3 days after removing the cuffs hemodynamic signs of decreased orthostatic tolerance are present during the inflight and the 3 days post flight LBNP. Presently the possible contribution of the thigh cuffs to the reduction of the vascular deconditioning has not been tested yet. 相似文献
455.
This paper describes a technical device, INCUBATOR 1M, which enables incubation of Japanese quail eggs aboard the piloted orbital station. 相似文献
456.
Radiation hazard during previous manned space flights was not a critical problem as seen from monitoring on board MIR and the SHUTTLE. Future Martian and Lunar missions as well as flights on inclined or high altitude orbits around the Earth can be exposed to a large radiobiological risk and critical reliability losses can be expected, due to Single Event Effects on VLSI devices.
The mains characteristics of these hazards and some counter-measures to be provided for are given. 相似文献
457.
We examine means for driving hydrothermal activity in extraterrestrial oceans on planets and satellites of less than one Earth mass, with implications for sustaining a low level of biological activity over geological timescales. Assuming ocean planets have olivine-dominated lithospheres, a model for cooling-induced thermal cracking shows how variation in planet size and internal thermal energy may drive variation in the dominant type of hydrothermal system-for example, high or low temperature system or chemically driven system. As radiogenic heating diminishes over time, progressive exposure of new rock continues to the current epoch. Where fluid-rock interactions propagate slowly into a deep brittle layer, thermal energy from serpentinization may be the primary cause of hydrothermal activity in small ocean planets. We show that the time-varying hydrostatic head of a tidally forced ice shell may drive hydrothermal fluid flow through the seafloor, which can generate moderate but potentially important heat through viscous interaction with the matrix of porous seafloor rock. Considering all presently known potential ocean planets-Mars, a number of icy satellites, Pluto, and other trans-neptunian objects-and applying Earth-like material properties and cooling rates, we find depths of circulation are more than an order of magnitude greater than in Earth. In Europa and Enceladus, tidal flexing may drive hydrothermal circulation and, in Europa, may generate heat on the same order as present-day radiogenic heat flux at Earth's surface. In all objects, progressive serpentinization generates heat on a globally averaged basis at a fraction of a percent of present-day radiogenic heating and hydrogen is produced at rates between 10(9) and 10(10) molecules cm(2) s(1). 相似文献
458.
延长ETOPS时间可能意味着维修策略的改变。2011年12月,新西兰航空公司的一架波音777-300ER飞机顺利完成了洛杉矶-奥克兰的直飞,这是该航空公司首次实施240分钟双发延程飞行(ETOPS)。但240分钟并不是ETOPS的极限,目前330分钟正成为 相似文献
459.
本文讨论了与飞行中远程巡航导弹通信的需求以及卫星作为中继平台的潜力。国防卫星通信系统Ⅲ(DSCSⅢ)和舰队卫星通信(FLTSATCOM)星至少能够同时为70枚巡航导弹向水面舰只和陆基指挥中心传送200bit的状态信息。DSCSⅢ还可以同是为至少70枚巡航导弹提供准实时有人末制导支持(只要巡航导弹装有共影天线阵)。FLTSATCOM可以为2枚装有全向天线阵的巡航导弹提供相同的能力。这种能力包括传统末段敏感器图象数据,该图象数据的速率为每格每秒40kbits,取决于可实现的图象数据压缩比。本文还论述了指挥员利用这些系统重新瞄准新目标,允许一枚巡航导弹向地面传送一路末段敏感器图象。 相似文献
460.