A numerical optimization of high altitude testing facility for wind tunnel experiments

High altitude test facilities are required to test the high area ratio nozzles operating at the upper stages of rocket in the nozzle full flow conditions.It is typically achieved by creating the ambient pressure equal or less than the nozzle exit pressure.On average,air/GN2is used as active gas for ejector system that is stored in the high pressure cylinders.The wind tunnel facilities are used for conducting aerodynamic simulation experiments at/under various flow velocities and operating conditions.However,constructing both of these facilities require more laboratory space and expensive instruments.Because of this demerit,a novel scheme is implemented for conducting wind tunnel experiments by using the existing infrastructure available in the high altitude testing(HAT)facility.This article presents the details about the methods implemented for suitably modifying the sub-scale HAT facility to conduct wind tunnel experiments.Hence,the design of nozzle for required area ratio A/A*,realization of test section and the optimized configuration are focused in the present analysis.Specific insights into various rocket models including high thrust cryogenic engines and their holding mechanisms to conduct wind tunnel experiments in the HAT facility are analyzed.A detailed CFD analysis is done to propose this conversion without affecting the existing functional requirements of the HAT facility.     

带有调节电路和温度补偿的硅压力传感器

本文介绍一种芯片上带有信号调节功能的硅压力传感器。制作时,在标准的3μmCMDS工艺过程中加入了微机械加工工艺,利用带电化学阻蚀剂的各向异性腐蚀技术,在(100)取向硅片上进行腐蚀。控制膜片厚度,使厚度容差小于0.5μm。在同一膜片上,集成了完整的CMDS测量电路。带压阻元件的惠氏电桥的输出信号由一个仪器放大器放大。该放大器的放大率和温度有关,以便补偿灵敏度随温度的变化。另外,灵敏度本身的变化、偏置和偏置随温度的变化亦予以补偿。芯片还具备微调功能,以便在-40～+125℃范围内对所述各参数进行调节。     

基于目标机动新模型的被动寻的导弹制导律

假设某些目标能作正交于其速度矢量的规避机动,提出一种新的随机动态目标模型.利用增益修正广义卡尔曼滤波器来估计目标状态和在线建立目标机动的角速率.推导出可使二次型性能指标极小化的制导律,对于二维的只有角测量的情况,数值仿真表明,所提出的目标模型会使目标状态的估计得到明显的改进.此外,还给出采用这种新制导方法对终端脱靶距离的影响,并与高斯-马尔可夫模型作了比较.     

新型除氧喷嘴的雾化性能

对新型撞击式除氧喷嘴产生的雾滴尺寸、分布与喷嘴几何参数及工作压力的关系进行了研究。测量使用激光大粒径测量仪,其实时测量范围为75～3000μm。该喷嘴在工作压力为0.1～0.6MPa 时产生,雾滴的索太尔平均粒径小于900μm,粒径随供水压力增加而减小。应进一步研究这种喷嘴的几何参数,特别是射流孔口直径及孔口至撞击杆的距离对雾化的影响,以提高它的雾化性能。     

利用GPS进行近地轨道确定和会合导航

本文介绍了GPS用于近地轨道确定和会合导航的性能研究结果。目前为陆地、海上和空中导航开发的一些技术正在扩展到空间环境。对两个近地航天器上的GPS接收机系统的实际工作情况进行了仿真研究,以此评价了GPS系统的相对和绝对导航精度。为该性能仿真研究提供一个逼真的基础,拟制了一些动力学和环境模型。仿真研究获得了两项重要结论:1)轨道上用一台GPS差分基准接收机给其附近另一些GPS接收机提供信息,可以将这些接收机的绝对定位精度提高到基准站所能达到的精度。2)从同4颗GPS卫星测得测量值的两台同型号接收机,其相对定位精度(1σ)每轴向可以达到1.8m(P码)和20m(C/A码)。相对速度误差每轴小于0.04m/s。当接收机拉开相当距离时,差分GPS和相对导航技术的精度下降不明显。     

未来的海上霸权（下）——美国海军新航母计划启动

舰载机 截止目前．CVN21的许多性能指标还没有确定．不过．舰载机联队的数量在论证初期已经确定为70架左右，基本与现役航母相同。     

Psychological considerations of man in space: problems & solutions

With concrete plans for long duration flight taking form a new impetus is lent to preparing man for this hostile and unnatural environment. Cramped conditions, isolation from family and loved ones, work stress, fear, and incompatibility with fellow crew, are but a few of the problems suffered by astronauts and cosmonauts during their long missions in orbit about the earth.

Although criteria for selection of crew is one aspect of attacking the problem, it has not solved it Notwithstanding good selection, team combination, and counselling before flight, problems have still occurred with unwanted consequences. Incompatibility of team members, far from being the exception, has been frequent. This has been detrímental both physiologically and psychologically for the individual as well as for the operational success and safety of the missions.

Because problems will inevitably occur in future long duration missions, especially when they are of international and multi-cultural nature, the importance of dealing with them is underlined. This paper takes a different approach towards ameliorating these problems, namely that of psychological group training before a mission.