采用实时MTI处理的双通道雷达系统的飞行试验结果

讨论了实时空时自适应处理（STAP）的两种应用：首先是STAP可以用来抑制杂波和干扰；此外可以用由STAP获得的杂波滤波系数来确定SAR图像中动目标的正确位置。给出了这种实时STAP技术的结果和动目标重新定位技术的结果。用实际SAR数据和测量期间所记录的动目标验证了杂波抑制质量和动目标重新定位精度。     

机载雷达系统中的空—时自适应处理

本文概述了空—时自适应处理(STAP)在现代雷达系统中，尤其是在强干涉和人为干扰下的机载雷达系统中的应用情况。简要介绍处理方法后，叙述了STAP在导致非平稳信号环境的热杂波和非均匀雷达环境中STAP的应用结果。分析了在这种实际情况下采用STAP处理所存在的局限。结尾部分为使用圆形阵列所得到的一些STAP近期结果。     

单元数字化机载雷达的自适应杂波对消

本文描述了用于大型单元数字化阵列雷达（EDAR）的多层自适应波束形成方法。各阵列单元的距离相关增益自适应（RDGA）提供了有效的杂波对消。机载截击（AI）雷达的模拟试验验证了这种方法的效率，并说明了它相对于阵列中随机相位误差和幅度误差的稳定性。     

用计算流体力学解读急剧机翼失速

文章描述了在为期4年的急剧机翼失速（AWS）国家研究计划中用计算流体动力学所做的工作及获得的经验；详细论述了在跨音速机动状态现代美国战斗机和强击机遭遇到的跨音速流的复杂特性，内容包括针对这种高度复杂、有激波诱导的大分离粘性流动的网格处理、计算存储器和处理器要求、湍流模型、定常和非定常计算以及高度复杂的雷诺平均NS方程解与脱体涡模拟方法的比较。对F／A-18C飞机、AV-8B飞机、预生产F／A-18E飞机和F-16C飞机的跨音速机动状态进行了CFD模拟。模拟了各种襟翼位置，并将计算结果与大规模的风洞数据进行了比较；将结构与非结构网格获得的结果进行了对比；通过对模型在风洞中获得的表面油流和压敏涂层（psp）试验结果的定性比较以及有试验结果的详细定量压力系数数据来评估不同CFD方程式的适用性和计算精度。对比了这些计算软件和在这次研究中涉及的每种飞机的试验数据之间的静升力系数。     

有限边界对激光弯曲温度场的影响

通过激光点光源辐照板条表面温度场的试验和数值模拟,探讨了激光弯曲成形技术中板条内部热传导的规律,试验表明材料边界与周围环境之间的传热和其对内部材料的热传导对激光辐照下的板条表面温度场的影响显著,并可能导致材料在激光辐照下的热传导规律与经典的傅里叶热传导定律不相符合.通过将试验结果和现有理论的比较,建立了符合实际情况的有限元数值模型,进而分析了激光加工工艺参数对其温度变化的影响.     

新型飞机追踪系统迎合了ICAO的指令要求

正自2014年3月8日马航MH370航班发生失联事件后,国际民航组织(ICAO)要求全面改进飞机追踪系统,这对新型飞机和在役飞机都有一定的影响。与此同时,市场上也涌现出了多款新型飞机追踪系统,完全可以满足ICAO的指令要求。     

更为有利的飞机租赁协议

在全球14000架商用飞机中,约有50％的飞机是租赁的。飞机的租赁有多种形式,每一架飞机的租赁条款各不相同,好的飞机租赁维修协议,能为航空公司节省时间和成本。     

GPS计划增加新的保安措施

克林顿政府最近计划在10年内停止降低GPS的精度,以便有时间来研制替代的方法来限制敌方军队利用GPS。消除GPS“粗/捕获”(C/A)信号的选择可用性(SA)误差是美国研究委员会(NRC)去年春天强烈建议的。由NRC一个专家组编写的这份报告呼吁支持GPS的未来研究,还建议用具体的替代技术来防止敌方使用GPS。报告还提出了对非军方用户的GPS增强方案。     

Martian CH(4): sources, flux, and detection

Recent observations have detected trace amounts of CH(4) heterogeneously distributed in the martian atmosphere, which indicated a subsurface CH(4) flux of ~2 x 10(5) to 2 x 10(9) cm(2) s(1). Four different origins for this CH(4) were considered: (1) volcanogenic; (2) sublimation of hydrate- rich ice; (3) diffusive transport through hydrate-saturated cryosphere; and (4) microbial CH(4) generation above the cryosphere. A diffusive flux model of the martian crust for He, H(2), and CH(4) was developed based upon measurements of deep fracture water samples from South Africa. This model distinguishes between abiogenic and microbial CH(4) sources based upon their isotopic composition, and couples microbial CH(4) production to H(2) generation by H(2)O radiolysis. For a He flux of approximately 10(5) cm(2) s(1) this model yields an abiogenic CH(4) flux and a microbial CH(4) flux of approximately 10(6) and approximately 10(9) cm(2) s(1), respectively. This flux will only reach the martian surface if CH(4) hydrate is saturated in the cryosphere; otherwise it will be captured within the cryosphere. The sublimation of a hydrate-rich cryosphere could generate the observed CH(4) flux, whereas microbial CH(4) production in a hypersaline environment above the hydrate stability zone only seems capable of supplying approximately 10(5) cm(2) s(1) of CH(4). The model predicts that He/H(2)/CH(4)/C(2)H(6) abundances and the C and H isotopic values of CH(4) and the C isotopic composition of C(2)H(6) could reveal the different sources. Cavity ring-down spectrometers represent the instrument type that would be most capable of performing the C and H measurements of CH(4) on near future rover missions and pinpointing the cause and source of the CH(4) emissions.     

Magnetism, iron minerals, and life on Mars

A short critical review is provided on two questions linking magnetism and possible early life on Mars: (1) Did Mars have an Earth-like internal magnetic field, and, if so, during which period and was it a requisite for life? (2) Is there a connection between iron minerals in the martian regolith and life? We also discuss the possible astrobiological implications of magnetic measurements at the surface of Mars using two proposed instruments. A magnetic remanence device based on magnetic field measurements can be used to identify Noachian age rocks and lightning impacts. A contact magnetic susceptibility probe can be used to investigate weathering rinds on martian rocks and identify meteorites among the small regolith rocks. Both materials are considered possible specific niches for microorganisms and, thus, potential astrobiological targets. Experimental results on analogues are presented to support the suitability of such in situ measurements.