Supercooled water brines within permafrost-an unknown ecological niche for microorganisms: a model for astrobiology

This study describes brine lenses (cryopegs) found in Siberian permafrost derived from ancient marine sediment layers of the Arctic Ocean. The cryopegs were formed and isolated from sediment ~100,000-120,000 years ago. They remain liquid at the in situ temperature of -10 degrees C as a result of their high salt content (170-300 g/L). [(14)C] Glucose is taken up by the cryopeg biomass at -15 degrees C, indicating microbial metabolism at low temperatures in this habitat. Furthermore, aerobic, anaerobic heterotrophs, sulfate reducers, acetogens, and methanogens were detected by most probable number analysis. Two psychrophilic microbes were isolated from the cryopegs, a Clostridium and a Psychrobacter. The closest relatives of each were previously isolated from Antarctica. The cryopeg econiche might serve as a model for extraterrestrial life, and hence is of particular interest to astrobiology.     

Application of the mechanical oscillator technique to the investigation of EVA decompression

The ultrasonic bubble detection technique has been used as a versatile tool in the investigation of hypobaric decompression procedures for the last two decades. However, this method can only detect relatively large bubbles > 30-50 micrometers (usually in venous blood) and not the very first stages of bubble formation. Recently, the mechanical oscillator technique has been applied in air diving trials in order to detect small blood density changes due to hypothetical fluid shifts. However, sharp density drops were found in the decompression process, and these have been attributed to gas bubble formation. In this study, this method was applied together with Doppler controls to a series of altitude decompressions to 300 and 500 hPa, which represents the range of EVA operational pressures currently used or planned. Six subjects participated in both series; the oscillator sample tube could be pressurized. By the application of pressure on a blood sample containing questionable gas bubbles, these are reduced in volume, like in recompression therapy, and thus the density of the sample is increased. This effect has been shown in all 6 subjects undergoing decompression to 300 hPa, whereas in the 500 hPa series only 3 out of 6 subjects corresponded with gas phase formation immediately after decompression. Typically, Doppler bubbles appeared only after some latency time between 20 and 60 min; after this time, the density effect had nearly vanished. It is concluded that the mechanical oscillator technique represents a complementary research instrument to the Doppler method, because it is able to deliver a quantitative resolution of the early stage of gas phase formation.     

小型、低成本、P波段机载双极化合成孔径雷达的设计

Wageningen大学和婆罗洲猩猩生存基金会（BOS）希望用一种小型、低成本、P波段机载双极化合成孔径雷达监视印度尼西亚森林的生物群。本文介绍了一台此种雷达设计方面的初步研究情况。确定应用要求，并根据要求得到主要的雷达参数。本文还介绍了基于商用货架元件的系统的初步设计。系统的几点新颖之处是：采用直接数字合成进行调制、采用双极化微带方形贴片（patch）天线以及系统的尺寸和功耗都降低了等。为了有助于SAR系统的计算和比较，开发了基于通用Matlab的SARCAL程序。本文还将阐述其原理和主要功能。     

CASH 2021: commercial access and space habitation

Issues about commercialization of space have been a growing concern in the past decade for the space community. This paper focuses on the work from a team of 51 students attending the Summer Session Program of the International Space University in Bremen, Germany. CASH 2021 (Commercial Access and Space Habitation) documents a plan that identifies commercial opportunities for space utilization that will extend human presence in space, and will chart the way forward for the next 20 years. The group selected four commercial sectors that show the most promise for the future: tourism, entertainment, space system service, assembly and debris removal, and research and development/production. The content of this document presents the results of their research. Historical activities in each of the commercial sectors are reviewed along with the current market situation. To provide a coherent background for future commercialization possibilities a scenario has been developed. This scenario includes a postulated upon ideal future and includes social, political and economic factors that may affect the space industry over the timeline of the study. The study also presents a roadmap, within the limited optimistic scenario developed, for the successful commercialization of space leading to future human presence in space. A broad range of commercially viable opportunities, not only within the current limits of the International Space Station, but also among the many new developments that are expected by 2021 are discussed.     

关于无源铷频标中光漂移和缓冲气体漂移问题

本文报道了无源铷频标中光漂移和缓冲气体漂移的计算和测量结果。光漂移是以两种接法,即分立滤光器法和集成滤光器法进行测量的。文章介绍一种能够恰如其份地描述所得结果的唯象分析方法,报道了不同的纯净缓冲气体或混合缓冲气体引起的频率漂移的测量结果,评述了频率与温度的非线性关系,将所得结果跟从前发表的数据做了比较,并且利用二次温度方程式进行简明分析,以进一步对这些结果加以说明。     

Detection of the Earth with the SETI microwave observing system assumed to be operating out in the galaxy

This paper estimates the maximum range at which radar signals from the Earth could be detected by a search system similar to the NASA Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence Microwave Observing Project (SETI MOP) assumed to be operating out in the galaxy. Figures are calculated for the Targeted Search, and for the Sky Survey parts of the MOP, both operating, as currently planned, in the second half of the decade of the 1990s. Only the most powerful terrestrial transmitters are considered, namely, the planetary radar at Arecibo in Puerto Rico, and the ballistic missile early warning systems (BMEWS). In each case the probabilities of detection over the life of the MOP are also calculated. The calculation assumes that we are only in the eavesdropping mode. Transmissions intended to be detected by SETI systems are likely to be much stronger and would of course be found with higher probability to a greater range. Also, it is assumed that the transmitting civilization is at the same level of technological evolution as ours on Earth. This is very improbable. If we were to detect another technological civilization, it would, on statistical grounds, be much older than we are and might well have much more powerful transmitters. Both factors would make detection by the NASA MOP a much more likely outcome.     

航电软件的升级

航空公司正努力通过升级软件提升航电设备的功能。随着新的空域政策的临近实施以及数字化技术带来的产品功能提升,越来越多的航空公司开始考虑通过升级软件提升其航电设备的功能。美国无线电公司(Arinc)对此也表示认同,认为在提升产品功能方面,现在的航电OEM更愿意采取软件升级的方     

2016年窄体飞机发动机维修市场需求旺盛

尽管老旧发动机正在被各种新型发动机所取代，且新型发动机在其寿命周期内所需的返厂维修工作都在变得越来越少，但各大发动机维修供应商仍然认为2016年的维修需求将会更加旺盛。     

全球“军火嘉年华”——异彩纷呈的第7届莫斯科航展

2005年莫斯科国际航空航天展（MAKC-2005）在8月16-21日于俄罗斯首都莫斯科南郊的茹科夫斯基机场隆重举行，这是莫斯科航展的第7届，也是这个航展历来最风光的一届。总共有俄罗斯、欧洲、美国、中国等40个国家的600余家航空、航天、武器装备厂商、公司及设计局和30多个空军代表团参展。据统计，为期6天的航展共吸引了超过65万多人前来参观，大大超过最初预计的40万人。为了维持秩序并保证安全，俄出动了6500名军人和警察参加执勤，其中包括300多名特警。     

发动机外场维修事件正在减少

<正>当发动机需要离翼修理时,往往会造成飞机紧急停场,运营商会因此遭受较大的经济损失和品牌信任危机。所以各大OEM和知名MRO都针对这类情况推出了预测维修服务平台,通过大数据分析预测维修事件并采用先进的材料技术和创新的修理方式予以修理,从而有效减少或消除非计划性外场维修。