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881.
J. P. Fontaine E. Crespo del Arco A. Randriamampianina G. P. Extrmet P. Bontoux 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》1988,8(12):265-279
The paper is concerned with the numerical simulation and the analysis of some kinds of flow regimes which can develop in Bridgman and Czochralski systems for material processings. The flows in the liquid phase are investigated considering two-dimensional and axisymmetric models. The time-dependent regimes were studied for a zero-Prandtl-number fluid layer confined inside a two-dimensional cavity of aspect ratio (length-to-height) A=4, involving a stress-free upper surface and submitted to a horizontal temperature gradient. The range of Grashof number was varied up to the conditions at which the flow goes from oscillatory to chaotic type behaviours. The combined influence of the temperature gradients and of the rotations of the crucible and of the seed/crystal was investigated for a Czochralski model. The axisymmetric regimes were studied for a Prm=0.015 liquid melt confined inside a cylindrical crucible of aspect ratio (height-to-radius) Am=2, and coupled to a viscous encapsulant liquid layer (10<Pre<1200) of aspect ratio Ae=0.5. A number of steady and (transient) time-dependent flow patterns are identified. 相似文献
882.
D J Barta T W Tibbitts R J Bula R C Morrow 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》1992,12(5):141-149
Light emitting diodes (LEDs) are a promising irradiation source for plant growth in space. Improved semiconductor technology has yielded LED devices fabricated with gallium aluminum arsenide (GaAlAs) chips which have a high efficiency for converting electrical energy to photosynthetically active radiation. Specific GaAlAs LEDs are available that emit radiation with a peak wavelength near the spectral peak of maximum quantum action for photosynthesis. The electrical conversion efficiency of installed systems (micromole s-1 of photosynthetic photons per watt) of high output LEDs can be within 10% of that for high pressure sodium lamps. Output of individual LEDs were found to vary by as much as 55% from the average of the lot. LED ratings, in mcd (luminous intensity per solid angle), were found to be proportional to total photon output only for devices with the same dispersion angle and spectral peak. Increasing current through the LED increased output but also increased temperature with a consequent decrease in electrical conversion efficiency. A photosynthetic photon flux as high as 900 micromoles m-2 s-1 has been produced on surfaces using arrays with LEDs mounted 7.6 mm apart, operating as a current of 50 mA device-1 and at an installed density of approximately 17,200 lamps m-2 of irradiated area. Advantages of LEDs over other electric light sources for use in space systems include long life, minimal mass and volume and being a solid state device. 相似文献
883.
US Army helicopters that will allow single-crewmember operability in tactical environments require a high degree of automation. A tightly integrated flight control and navigation system has been studied. An architecture is discussed which meets anticipated flight control and navigation requirements, at an acceptable weight, using techniques of functional and physical integration. The architecture maximizes the sharing of sensor and computational resources in a flight critical environment and uses modular equipment packaging, dual fault-tolerant tetrad ring-laser-gyro inertial measurement units, and triplex self-checking processor pair-based flight critical processing channels 相似文献
884.
J.-P. Bibring F. Rocard 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》1984,4(12):103-106
The irradiation of grains and/or ices by particles from solar or stellar winds, as well as cosmic rays, induces the synthesis of molecular species. We have shown by in-situ infrared spectroscopy of irradiated samples that this chemistry may be responsible for the presence of organic compounds in a large variety of astrophysical sites such as: lunar and asteroidal regoliths, cometary nucleus, rings and satellites of outer planets, circumstellar shells, interstellar clouds. We present our experimental results concerning the nature and efficiency of C and N irradiation chemistries, and give plausible astrophysical implications. 相似文献
885.
V V Akatov YuAArkhangelsky A P Aleksandrov I Feher S Deme B Szabo J Vagyolgyi P P Szabo A Csoke M Ranky B Farkas 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》1984,4(10):77-81
A small, vibration- and shock-resistant thermoluminescent dosemeter /TLD/ system--named PILLE--was developed at the Health Physics Department of the Central Research Institute for Physics, Budapest, to measure the cosmic radiation dose on board orbital stations. The first on-board measurements with this system were performed /by B. Farkas, the Hungarian astronaut/, on the Salyut-6 space station in 1980. The same instrument was used by other crews in the following years. Doses measured at different sites in Salyut-6 are presented. The dose rates varied from 0.07 to 0.11 mGy.day-1. After the first cosmic measurements, the system was further developed. The minimum detectable dose of the new TLD system is 1 microGy, i.e. less by on order of magnitude than that of the former system. The self-irradiation dose rate of the TLD bulbs is also reduced--by more than one order of magnitude--to 10 nGy.h-1, by the use of potassium-free glass for the bulb envelope. This new type of PILLE TLD system is currently on-board Salyut-7. The dose rates /0.12-0.23 mGy.day-1/ measured in 1983 are presented in detail. 相似文献
886.
L. Schaffer J.A. Burns 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》1984,4(9):107-110
We outline an analytical method for studying the motion of charged dust particles that orbit an oblate planet having a tilted, offset, dipolar magnetic field. Our computed trajectories closely mimic previous numerical results; equilibrium dust potentials must be less then 10 volts or the Jovian ring would be thicker than observed. We identify several , where the periods of components of the Lorentz force, as seen by a reference particle moving in the equatorial plane, match the particle's orbital period; several seem to be near observed features of the Jovian ring system. 相似文献
887.
D.J. Michels N.R. Sheeley R.A. Howard M.J. Koomen R. Schwenn K.H. Mulhauser H. Rosenbauer 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》1984,4(7):311-321
A small coronagraph has been placed in orbit to monitor the sun's outer corona from 2.5 to 10.0 solar radii, and five years of nearly continuous synoptic observations have now been completed. Rapid and sensitive image processing techniques have been developed to screen the data for transient phenomena, particularly coronal mass ejections (CMEs). About 50,000 coronal images have been examined, out of a five-year total of 68,000, and a standardized listing of more than 1,200 coronal transients for the period 1979–1982 has been prepared. These data have been analysed in the light of other available information, particularly on conditions in the interplanetary plasma. The dynamical characteristics of the active corona, as they are beginning to emerge from the data, are presented. We find that coronal mass ejections exercise significant influence on the interplanetary solar wind. They are the source of disturbances that are frequent and energetic, that tend to be somewhat focussed, that often reach shock intensity, and that propagate to large heliocentric distances, sometimes causing major geomagnetic storms. 相似文献
888.
889.
Márton J. Ill 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》1981,1(12):227-230
Density data from the French CACTUS accelerometer are used to determine values of density scale height. An analysis shows a diurnal effect in the variations of scale height. There exists a correlation between geomagnetic activity and variations of scale height. Variations of the gradient of scale height are shown and analysed. 相似文献
890.
Stark L. Tendick F. Kim W. Anderson R. Hisey M. Mills B. Matsunaga K. An Nguyen Ramos C. Tyler M. Zahalak G. Amick M. Baker B. Brown N. Brown T. Chang J. Jyh-Horng Chen Chik J. Cohen D. Cox D. Dubey J. Ellis K. Engdahl E. Frederickson C. Halamka J. Hauser R. Jacobs J. Lee C. Lee D. Liu A. Ninomiya R. Rudolph J. Schafer S. Schendel E. So G. Takeda M. Tam L. Thompson M. Wood E. Woodruff T. 《IEEE transactions on aerospace and electronic systems》1988,24(5):542-551
With major emphasis on simulation, a university laboratory telerobotics facility permits problems to be approached by groups of graduate students. Helmet-mounded displays provide realism; the slaving of the display to the human operator's viewpoint gives a sense of `telepresence' that may be useful for prolonged tasks. Using top-down 3-D model control of distant images allows distant images to be reduced to a few parameters to update the model used for display to the human operator in a preview model to circumvent, in part, the communication delay. Also, the model can be used as a format for supervisory control and permit short-term local autonomous operations. Image processing algorithms can be made simpler and faster without trying to construct sensible images from the bottom. Control studies of telerobots lead to preferential manual control modes and, in this university environment, to basic paradigms for human motion and thence, perhaps, to redesign of robotic control, trajectory path planning, and rehabilitation prosthetics. Speculation as to future industrial drives for this telerobotic field suggests efficient roles for government agencies such as NASA 相似文献