失重对人体外周血管及心脏影响的研究进展

失重对人体心血管系统有着非常重要的影响。文章从人体心血管系统的外周血管与心脏两个方面出发,回顾了近年来大量有关失重（长期失重以及模拟失重）对人体心血管系统影响的研究、分析评述了一系列有意义的结论,最后展望了几个潜在的研究方向。     

A Simulation of the Mid-and Low-latitude Ionospheric Electric Fields

A theoretical model of ionospheric electric fields at mid- and low-latitudes is developed. In the geomagnetic dipolar coordinate system, the ionospheric dynamo equations were solved, and the ionospheric electric potential and electric field were derived respectively. Major parameters for the model inputs, such as the neutral winds, the densities and temperatures of electron, ions and neutrals, are obtained from empirical models. The global ionospheric electrical potential and field at mid- and low-latitudes derived from our model are largely in agreement with the results presented by other authors and the empirical model. Using our model, it is found that the diurnal component of the HWM93 wind mainly contributed to the formation of the vertical electric field, while the semidiurnal component mainly contributed to the zonal electric field. Finally, by adjustment of the input F region winds and conductivities, most discrepancies between our model and the empirical one can be eliminated, and it is proved that the F region dynamo is the most significant contribution to the electric fields.      

试验模态分析最佳测试点选取方法的优化

作为有限元模型修正的重要依据,试验模态分析的结果受多方面因素的影响,其中很重要的一方面就是测试点的选取.基于目前试验模态分析中最常用的两种测试点选择方法——有效独立法（EI,Effective Independent）和模态动能法（MKE,Modal Kinetic Energy）,提出了一种新的测试点优化选择方法——有效独立-模态动能变异系数法（EI-CVMKE,Effective Independent-Coefficient Variance of Modal Kinetic Energy）.并提出了一种新的评估测试点选择方法优劣的准则——模态动能变异系数准则（CVMKE）.运用模态置信准则（MAC,Modal Assurance Criterion）、CVMKE和奇异值分解比（SVD ration,Singular Value Decomposition ratio）评价并比较了EI,MKE和EI-CVMKE的测试点优化结果.以印刷电路板作为算例,并通过实物模态试验验证,结果表明EI-CVMKE选取的测试点在考虑了截断模态线性独立的同时又具有较高的模态动能,有较强的抗噪声性能,在3种方法中最佳.      

水中钛合金电火花加工的辅助电流抑制杂散腐蚀研究

提出了水中钛合金电火花加工辅助电流抑制杂散腐蚀的加工方法,利用辅助电源施加阴极电流的方式使金属界面呈负电性并达到足够负的电极电位以抑制杂散腐蚀的发生。研究了杂散腐蚀的产生机理和辅助电流对杂散腐蚀的抑制机理,对添加辅助电流前后钛合金表面进行了电场仿真分析、实验验证、表面形貌及组份分析。结果表明:采用辅助电流的方式能有效地消除水中钛合金电火花加工中存在的杂散腐蚀。     

红外地球敏感器光电组件测试技术研究

在圆锥扫描式红外地球敏感器设计过程中,基于嵌入式SoC技术,提出了一种小体积专用光电组件地面测试系统实现方法,可实现地球敏感器中光栅信号、基准信号的幅度、频率、动态频率等参数的精密测量。介绍了系统的组成及工作原理,着重对非稳定性光栅信号幅度及频率精确测量方法进行了讨论。     

如何提高电子信息类大学生的创新素质

面对二十一世纪课程体系的改革,如何培养大学生的创新能力,搞好第二课堂,提高电子信息类大学生的创新素质,是一个有待于探讨的问题.     

红外热像仪在固体火箭发动机羽焰测温中的应用

利用红外热像仪测量固体火箭发动机尾焰温度场。考察了红外发射率影响测量精度的主要因素在空间的分布,通过在尾焰区域建立二维直角坐标的方法,成功实现了热图分析位置和空间实际位置之间的双向互换,在某种程度上弥补了红外热图分析软件的不足。     

多级会切场推力器振荡特性模拟研究

目前多级会切场推力器数值模拟研究采用的主要手段是全粒子模拟方法,但是这种全粒子模拟对计算机的要求较高,因此文章通过建立HEMPT的一维流体模型,再现HEMPT的振荡现象,对放电电流和等离子体参数之间的关联性及等离子体参数分布规律进行研究。沿着两条典型的电子传导路径,利用MATLAB中Simulink模块建立一维流体模型。结果分析表明,推力器内部等离子体参数的振荡周期与放电电流振荡周期一致。推力器的主电离区在两个磁尖端之间,电势降主要集中在出口附近。     

The Rotation and Interior Structure Experiment on the InSight Mission to Mars

The Rotation and Interior Structure Experiment (RISE) on-board the InSight mission will use the lander’s X-band (8 GHz) radio system in combination with tracking stations of the NASA Deep Space Network (DSN) to determine the rotation of Mars. RISE will measure the nutation of the Martian spin axis, detecting for the first time the effect of the liquid core of Mars and providing in turn new constraints on the core radius and density. RISE will also measure changes in the rotation rate of Mars on seasonal time-scales thereby constraining the atmospheric angular momentum budget. Finally, RISE will provide a superb tie between the cartographic and inertial reference frames. This paper describes the RISE scientific objectives and measurements, and provides the expected results of the experiment.     

Presolar Isotopic Signatures in Meteorites and Comets: New Insights from the Rosetta Mission to Comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko

Comets are considered the most primitive planetary bodies in our Solar System, i.e., they should have best preserved the solid components of the matter from which our Solar System formed. ESA’s recent Rosetta mission to Jupiter family comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko (67P/CG) has provided a wealth of isotope data which expanded the existing data sets on isotopic compositions of comets considerably. In this paper we review our current knowledge on the isotopic compositions of H, C, N, O, Si, S, Ar, and Xe in primitive Solar System materials studied in terrestrial laboratories and how the Rosetta data acquired with the ROSINA (Rosetta Orbiter Sensor for Ion and Neutral Analysis) and COSIMA (COmetary Secondary Ion Mass Analyzer) mass spectrometer fit into this picture. The H, Si, S, and Xe isotope data of comet 67P/CG suggest that this comet might be particularly primitive and might have preserved large amounts of unprocessed presolar matter. We address the question whether the refractory Si component of 67P/CG contains a presolar isotopic fingerprint from a nearby Type II supernova (SN) and discuss to which extent C and O isotope anomalies originating from presolar grains should be observable in dust from 67P/CG. Finally, we explore whether the isotopic fingerprint of a potential late SN contribution to the formation site of 67P/CG in the solar nebula can be seen in the volatile component of 67P/CG.