美国阿尔忒弥斯载人登月计划进展

自美国20世纪70年代通过阿波罗计划实现载人登月后,人类再也没有踏上过月球表面。近年来随着深空探测活动的再次兴起,美国启动了新一轮的载人登月计划,即阿尔忒弥斯载人登月计划。这项由NASA主导、多方参与的登月计划,目标不仅是将美国宇航员再次送上月球,还要在月球建立长期运营基地,并为后续的载人探火行动奠定基础。文章对这一计划所涉及的战略部署及任务要素进行了概述,涵盖登月着陆点选择、运载火箭与飞船、着陆器与有效载荷、“门户”绕月空间站以及商业航天的参与。最后讨论了美国阿尔忒弥斯计划对我国未来探月工程的启示。     

空间目标双基地ISAR一维距离像速度补偿方法

空间目标的高速运动会造成双基地ISAR一维距离像的畸变,针对此问题,研究了相应的速度估计与补偿方法。基于中频直接采样匹配滤波非相参双基地ISAR成像系统,首先研究了高速运动对双基地ISAR成像的影响,其次利用雷达基带回波具有的稀疏性,构造出与高速运动目标回波特性相匹配的冗余基并对其进行稀疏分解,然后据此估计出回波的调频斜率,进而估计出目标的无模糊速度,最后构造补偿相位项完成对宽带回波的速度补偿。算法补偿精度高,且无测速模糊,空间目标理想散点的仿真实验验证了补偿方法的有效性。     

GAP基含能聚氨酯弹性体包覆RDX的研究

为了以较小的能量损失获得低感度的包覆RDX,采用液相沉淀法,以GAP基含能聚氨酯弹性体对RDX进行了包覆研究。通过傅立叶红外光谱(FTIR)、扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、差示扫描量热法(DSC)、有机元素分析、感度测试、流散性测试等方法对包覆样品进行了表征。结果表明,包覆样品颗粒表面有明显包覆层存在,颗粒流散性较包覆前有所提高,包覆度R为72.5%,包覆层质量分数为0.98%,与投料值1%基本相当;热分解峰温较包覆前有所降低;包覆样品的FTIR谱图中在2 100 cm-1附近含有明显的—N3吸收峰,且峰形尖锐;以1%GAP基聚氨酯弹性体包覆的RDX的特性落高从包覆前的25.6 cm提高到47.9 cm,增加近1倍;摩擦感度爆炸百分数从72%下降到40%。     

卫星承力筒结构的模态试验方法探讨

文章详细阐述了某型号卫星承力筒结构的模态试验设计及试验实施过程中所取得的实践经验。采用单点随机激励法、两点随机激励法、单点步进正弦扫描激励法均能得出较准确的航天器结构主频。较好的办法是:为获取大型航天器结构的一阶主频,可先采用单点随机激励法得出结构主频,然后采用单点步进正弦扫描激励法进行数据结果的验证;为获取大型航天器结构的高阶模态参数或结构阻尼系数,应采用两点或两点以上的模态试验激励方法,使激励输入能量平均且更接近于航天器结构实际受力工况。文章中对承力筒结构模态试验设计及方法的探讨对大型航天器的结构模态试验具有借鉴作用。     

空间烟云的扩散模型

探讨空间烟云用于外层空间目标红外遮蔽隐身干扰,通过分析烟幕扩散体系的真空及微重力效应,基于扩散定律建立了空间烟云的纯扩散模型.研究结果表明,空间烟云施放后其质量浓度在任意时刻的等值面均为一球面,并且随着球半径的增加在空间连续减少;同时结合辐射在烟云中的传输特性研究,获得了空间烟云有效遮蔽面积及遮蔽时间的估算方法.     

空间模拟碎片释放装置技术方案

为配合空间碎片主动清除技术的演示验证试验,提出了一种空间模拟碎片释放装置的技术方案:由模拟碎片及分离解锁装置组成。模拟碎片不具备任何合作特征,最初通过压紧杆与分离解锁装置相连,释放时由火工切割器切断压紧杆,模拟碎片在压缩弹簧的驱动下与分离解锁装置分离。最后,通过静载、模态、运动特性分析及分离解锁试验验证了该释放装置设计的正确性。     

Evaluation of the Terrestrial Albedo Applied to Some Scientific Missions

Using the Earth albedo model and the orbital dynamics model developed as part of the First Look Project (Fast Initial In-Orbit Identification of Scientific Satellites) the terrestrial albedo is evaluated considering the orbits of some scientific missions as Gravity Probe B, MICROSCOPE and STEP. The model of the Earth albedo is based on the reflectivity data measured by NASA’s Earth Probe satellite, which is part of the TOMS project (Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer). The reflectivity data are available daily, on line at the TOMS website, and they fluctuate because of changes in clouds and ice coverage and seasonal changes. The data resolution partitions the Earth surface into a number of cells. The incident irradiance on each cell is used to calculate total radiant flux from the cell. With the radiant flux from each cell, the irradiance at the satellite is calculated.     

Ion engine grids: Function,main parameters,issues, configurations,geometries, materials and fabrication methods

Ion optics are crucial components of ion thrusters and the study of the different ion extraction solutions used since the beginning of the electric propulsion era is essential to understand the evolution of ion engines. This work describes ion engine grids' main functions, parameters and issues related to thermal expansion and sputter erosion, and then introduces a review of ion optics used for significant launched and tested ion thrusters since 1970. Configurations, geometries, materials and fabrication methods are analyzed to understand when typical ion thrusters use two or three grids, what are the thicknesses and aperture sizes of the screen, accelerator and decelerator grids, why molybdenum and carbon-based materials such as pyrolytic graphite and carbon–carbon are the best available options for ion optics and what is the manufacturing method for each material.     

美国空间快响小卫星载荷技术现状与分析

为保障未来战争中能及时补充和维护失效军用卫星,美国正在全面推进空间快速响应(ORS)小卫星计划。该计划主要围绕低成本、灵活性、快速响应能力发展。简述美军的ORS计划发展现状,指出其在2025年前的ORS技术预测,分析ORS侦察小卫星有效载荷技术。     

Effects of TADs on the F region of the mid-latitude ionosphere during an intense geomagnetic storm

Based on observations of two ionosondes at Wuhan and Kokubunji, this paper presents effects of TADs on the daytime mid-latitude ionosphere during the intense geomagnetic storm on March 31, 2001. During a positive ionospheric storm, the start of the enhancement of the foF2 (F2 peak plasma frequency) at Wuhan lags that at Kokubunji by 15 min, which corresponds to the time interval of traveling atmospheric disturbances (TADs’) propagation from Kokubunji to Wuhan. Associated with the uplifting of the hmF2 (height of F2 peak) caused by TADs, it is observed by the two ionosondes that the F1 cusp becomes better developed. Therefore, during a geomagnetic storm, TADs originating from the auroral oval may have a strong influence on the shape of the electron density profile in the F1 region ionosphere at middle latitudes. It is highly likely that TADs are responsible for the evolution of the F1 cusp.