一种基于人工扰动电离层的通信对抗技术研究

研究了扰动后的电离层对不同波段的电磁波传播的影响,并探讨了该项技术在通信对抗上的具体应用。结果表明:受扰电离层可以引导VLF波进行"哨声模式"传播,进而实现对潜通信;可以使得HF波传播轨迹发生偏转、逃逸、聚焦和散焦,进而实现短波干扰;可以降低卫星通信频率,进而利用新波段实现卫星保密通信,同时还能产生透镜效应,对实现卫星通信的VHF电波产生额外增益,增强通信效果。     

Design and analysis of an extended mission of CE-2: From lunar orbit to Sun–Earth L2 region

Chang’E-2 (CE-2) has firstly successfully achieved the exploring mission from lunar orbit to Sun–Earth L2 region. In this paper, we discuss the design problem of transfer trajectory and at the same time analyze the visible segment of Tracking, Telemetry & Control (TT&C) system for this mission. Firstly, the four-body problem of Sun–Earth–Moon and Spacecraft can be decoupled in two different three-body problems (Sun–Earth + Moon Restricted Three-Body Problems (RTBPs) and Earth–Moon ephemeris model). Then, the transfer trajectory segments in different model are computed, respectively, and patched by Poincaré sections. The full-flight trajectory including transfer trajectory from lunar orbit to Sun–Earth L2 region and target Lissajous orbit is obtained by the differential correction method. Finally, the visibility of TT&C system at the key time is analyzed. Actual execution of CE-2 extended mission shows that the trajectory design of CE-2 mission is feasible.     

改型对剑形深波谷交变波瓣喷管射流掺混的作用

结合现有交变波瓣喷管的特点对基准波瓣喷管进行处理,设计了一种新型交变波瓣喷管——剑形深波谷交变波瓣喷管.采用数值方法研究了扇形处理和斜切处理对剑形深波谷交变波瓣喷管射流掺混的作用.结果显示,随着扇形处理和斜切处理各自改型程度的增加,波峰尾流区掺混速度变快,而核心区主流完全掺混所需距离略有增加.斜切处理促进掺混能力优于扇形处理,扇形处理后引射能力和流动损失基本不变,斜切处理后引射能力和流动损失稍有减小.计算结果还表明流向涡的形态对掺混效率的影响大于流向涡的强弱.     

激光辅助局部电化学沉积的试验研究

在局部电化学沉积加工体系中引入纳秒脉冲激光,利用激光辐照和局部电化学沉积的方法对铜进行三维微结构的沉积试验。分析了激光的热力效应对局部电化学沉积的作用机理。构建了激光辅助局部电化学沉积的试验系统,进行了沉积试验,并利用扫描电子显微镜(Scanning electron microscope,SEM)和X射线能量色散色谱仪对电沉积体进行了检测。试验结果表明激光辅助局部电化学沉积相较于普通的局部电化学沉积,定域性好。随着激光能量的增加,沉积体的高宽比增加,定域性提高。同时,激光还可以减少阴极杂质的吸附,提高沉积体的纯度。     

水中钛合金电火花加工的辅助电流抑制杂散腐蚀研究

提出了水中钛合金电火花加工辅助电流抑制杂散腐蚀的加工方法,利用辅助电源施加阴极电流的方式使金属界面呈负电性并达到足够负的电极电位以抑制杂散腐蚀的发生。研究了杂散腐蚀的产生机理和辅助电流对杂散腐蚀的抑制机理,对添加辅助电流前后钛合金表面进行了电场仿真分析、实验验证、表面形貌及组份分析。结果表明:采用辅助电流的方式能有效地消除水中钛合金电火花加工中存在的杂散腐蚀。     

The application of micro-CT in monitoring bone alterations in tail-suspended rats in vivo

Osteopenia is a pathological process that affects human skeletal health not only on earth but also in long-time spaceflight. Micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) is a nondestructive method for assessing both bone quantity and bone quality. To investigate the characteristics of micro-CT on evaluating the microgravity-induced osteopenia (e.g. early detection time and the sensitive parameters), the bone loss process of tail-suspended rats was monitored by micro-CT in this study. 8-Week-old female Sprague Dawley rats were divided into two groups: tail suspension (TS) and control (CON). Volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) and microstructure of the femur and tibia were evaluated in vivo by micro-CT at 0, 7, 14, 22 days. Biomechanical properties of the femur and tibia were determined by three-point bending test. The ash weight of bone was also investigated. The results showed that (1) bone loss in the proximal tibia appeared earlier than in the distal femur. (2) On day 7, the percent bone volume (BV/TV) of the tibia 15.44% decreased significantly, and the trabecular separation (Tb.Sp) 30.29% increased significantly in TS group, both of which were detected earlier than other parameters. (3) Biomechanical properties (e.g. femur, −22.4% maximum load and −23.75% Young’s modulus vs. CON) and ash weight of the femur and tibia decreased significantly in the TS group in comparison to CON group. (4) vBMD of the femur and tibia were clearly related to bone ash and dry weight (r = 0.75–0.87, p < 0.05). (5) BV/TV of both femur and tibia were clearly related to maximum load and Young’s modulus (r = 0.66–0.87, p < 0.05). Similarly, trabecular vBMD and BV/TV of the femur and tibia were clearly related to Young’s modulus (r = 0.73–0.89, p < 0.05). These indicated that BV/TV and Tb.Sp were more sensitive than other parameters for evaluating bone loss induced by tail suspension, moreover, trabecular vBMD and other parameters might be used to evaluate bone strength. Therefore, micro-CT is a reliable and sensitive method for predicting unloading-induced bone loss in small animals.     

Validation of a Compression Mass Gauge using ground tests for liquid propellant mass measurements

To properly estimate orbital lifetimes and predict the maneuverability of spacecraft, the remaining liquid propellant mass must be accurately known at every moment of a space mission. This paper studies the Compression Mass Gauge (CMG) method to determine the mass of liquid contained in a tank in a low-gravity environment with high accuracy. CMG is a thermodynamic method used to determine the quantity of liquid by measuring the gas pressure change when the tank volume changes, and has been previously theoretically and experimentally studied by researchers. The primary objective of this investigation is to explore the effects of attitude disturbance and the spacecraft thermal environment on the accuracy of the method. A ground test system, consisting of several test apparatuses, was fabricated and described as part of this study. The test results and analyses indicate that the CMG performs well and has an accuracy of ±1%. Additionally, demonstrations were performed to show that measurement errors do not increase drastically or exceed ±1% when the test system is vibrated to simulate the tank being perturbed as a result of an attitude disturbance. Liquid sloshing resonance was found to have a significant effect on the gauging accuracy. Measurements in a real thermal environment in which heat transfers into and out of the propellant tank were also conducted. The results show that the gauging accuracy is acceptable for normal liquid propellant. Furthermore, theoretical research shows that heat leakage has a significant influence on cryogenic propellant mass gauging.     

飞机燃油箱气相空间平衡氧浓度理论研究

油箱上部空间平衡氧浓度的确定是设计机载油箱惰性化系统的基础。采用微元段计算方法,在考虑载油量、压力随飞行高度变化、燃油温度和燃油蒸汽压的情况下,建立了油箱上部气相空间平衡氧浓度的数学模型。首先将模型计算结果与文献公布的数据进行了比较,验证了模型的正确性。然后分析了不同因素对平衡氧浓度的影响。研究结果表明:不同燃油的氧氮溶解特性会对平衡氧浓度造成直接影响;平衡氧浓度与载油量有关,且不呈线性关系;燃油温度增加后,平衡氧浓度下降;此外,随着飞行高度增加,由于气相空间总压和氧氮分压下降,燃油的蒸汽压对平衡氧浓度的影响也越大。研究结果将为惰性化气体流量的估算和设计提供一定的理论基础。     

具有特殊方向图的小型化锥面共形微带天线阵

文章研究了具有特殊方向图的小型化锥面共形微带天线阵的设计方法,讨论了实现天线小型化的方法,调整了矩形微带贴片的辐射模式,使其能够实现天线垂直面方向图偏向共形体的底部,研制了天线样机,并对天线样机进行了测量。测量结果表明此微带天线阵具有很好的共形及小型化特性,并且实现了天线的辐射方向图向共形体的底部的偏置。     

脉冲星导航在高精度卫星轨道修正中的应用

X射线脉冲星导航系统(XNAV,X-ray Pulsar Based Navigation)能够为航天器提供自主的定位服务,但是XNAV存在精度较差,且受航天器钟差和脉冲星时间模型误差的影响而产生近似常值偏差的缺点.分析与仿真指出,在采用XNAV单独导航时需要2颗脉冲星可达到完全观测,而采用XNAV和星间观测的组合导航时仅需要1颗脉冲星即可达到完全观测,同时组合导航能够将轨道修正的精度提高10倍以上,并将由于常值偏差造成的估计误差抑制在0.2 m以内.在现实的噪声设定下,采用标准XNAV单独进行轨道修正,仅需要两颗脉冲星即可取得50 m以内的估计精度;而采用组合导航时,在单脉冲星的导航方案下,系统的估计精度为5 m以内.分析结果表明:基于单脉冲星导航的组合导航,是一种高精度、低需求,容易实现的卫星轨道估计方案.