空间微小碎片撞击对太阳能电池性能影响

文章利用中国科学院空间科学与应用研究中心的等离子体驱动微小碎片加速器,进行了空间微小碎片累积撞击太阳能电池的模拟试验。之后,利用体式显微镜统计出太阳能电池表面的撞击坑,并测量了撞击前后太阳能电池的开路电压、短路电流、最大输出功率等参数的变化。试验结果与理论分析揭示了引起太阳能电池功率衰减的主要原因是碎片累积撞击导致的太阳能电池表面损伤。     

基于空间变异特性的格网电离层延迟估计方法

广域增强系统采用格网模型校正用户电离层延迟误差,为保证理想的校正效果,必须精确估计格网点电离层延迟。电离层延迟的空间相关性是完成这一估计的理论依据。针对传统反距离加权法因不能准确描述这种空间相关性而使得估计效果受限的问题,依据空间统计学原理建立了电离层延迟空间变异函数模型,提出一种新的权值计算方法,并通过实际观测数据进行了仿真验证。结果表明,相比于传统方法,这一方法能明显改善格网点电离层延迟估计效果,尤其在穿透点观测数据稀疏的区域,其改善效果更为明显。     

Particle flters for probability hypothesis density flter with the presence of unknown measurement noise covariance

In Bayesian multi-target fltering,knowledge of measurement noise variance is very important.Signifcant mismatches in noise parameters will result in biased estimates.In this paper,a new particle flter for a probability hypothesis density（PHD）flter handling unknown measurement noise variances is proposed.The approach is based on marginalizing the unknown parameters out of the posterior distribution by using variational Bayesian（VB）methods.Moreover,the sequential Monte Carlo method is used to approximate the posterior intensity considering non-linear and non-Gaussian conditions.Unlike other particle flters for this challenging class of PHD flters,the proposed method can adaptively learn the unknown and time-varying noise variances while fltering.Simulation results show that the proposed method improves estimation accuracy in terms of both the number of targets and their states.     

Quality variation of GPS satellite clocks on-orbit using IGS clock products

Over 60% clocks on board of the GPS satellites are working longer than their designed life. Therefore realizing their stabilities in a long time scales is essential to GPS navigation and positioning plus IGS time scale maintaining. IGS clock products from 2001 to 2010 are used to analyze the GPS satellite clock qualities such as frequency stabilities and clock noise level. We find out that for the clocks of Block IIA satellites the frequency stabilities and clock noise are 10 times worse than that of the Block IIR and IIR-M satellites. Moreover, the linear relationships between frequency stabilities and clock residuals have been deduced with an accuracy of better than 0.02 ns. Specially, it is noticed that the clock of the PRN27 is instable and the relationship between the frequency stability and residuals is at least a quadratic curve. Therefore, we suggested that GPS satellite clocks should be weighted by their quality levels in application, and the observations of the Block IIA should not be used for real-time positioning which required precision better than one meter.     

Finite element reconstruction approach for on-orbit spacecraft breakup dynamics simulation and fragment analysis

Breakup model is the key area of space debris environment modeling. NASA standard breakup model is currently the most widely used for general-purpose. It is a statistical model found based on space surveillance data and a few ground-based test data. NASA model takes the mass, impact velocity magnitude for input and provides the fragment size, area-to-mass ratio, velocity magnitude distributions for output. A more precise approach for spacecraft disintegration fragment analysis is presented in this paper. This approach is based on hypervelocity impact dynamics and takes the shape, material, internal structure and impact location etc. of spacecraft and impactor, which might greatly affect the fragment distribution, into consideration. The approach is a combination of finite element and particle methods, entitled finite element reconstruction (FER). By reconstructing elements from the particle debris cloud, reliable individual fragments are identified. Fragment distribution is generated with undirected graph conversion and connected component analysis. Ground-based test from literature is introduced for verification. In the simulation satellite targets and impactors are modeled in detail including the shape, material, internal structure and so on. FER output includes the total number of fragments and the mass, size and velocity vector of each fragment. The reported fragment distribution of FER shows good agreement with the test, and has good accuracy for small fragments.     

基于性能可靠性约束的智能液压泵节能优化

考虑飞机飞行剖面的多变性,针对智能液压泵变压力变流量的特点,提出一种多模性能可靠性分析方法.推导2类工作模式的传递函数模型,分析智能泵性能的主要影响因素,基于累积损伤理论构建多阶段任务可靠性模型.以系统工作效率为目标函数,性能可靠性指标为约束条件,对智能泵作优化设计.最后用优化所得参数求系统在各阶段的性能可靠度,并与机载液压系统常用的恒压泵作节能对比.结果表明:提出的基于节能的智能泵性能可靠性分析方法符合系统实际工况要求,相比传统恒压泵系统,智能泵系统的平均效率可提高15.8%.     

基于某微型发动机对比分析轴流涡轮与向心涡轮的气动性能与减重

为了确定厘米级微型涡轮发动机在相对较大功率、流量需求时的涡轮形式,以实现发动机更高的性能,本文基于某直径12厘米微发样机开展研究。本文估算了该样机整机环境下单级轴流涡轮的做功能力,并按参数优选规律设计了一台微型轴流涡轮,将之与该样机所采用的微型向心涡轮进行对比,基于CFD和CAD工具分析了两种叶轮在功率、效率及尺寸重量方面的差别。研究表明：在先进微小型发动机总压比提高（4～6,本文设计采用4.2）的情况下,涡轮为了在保持效率的同时满足压气机更高的功率需求,轴流式必须采用双级方案,向心式单级就可满足要求;在压气机压比4～6条件下,进一步对比双级轴流与单级向心方案的结果显示,当流量小于500g/s时,向心式具有尺寸重量优势,发动机能实现较高的推重比。针对厘米级微型发动机,在发动机增压比较高且没有超出单级向心涡轮做功能力的范围时,向心涡轮方案是更好的选择。     

TOPSAR data focusing based on azimuth scaling preprocessing

Both Doppler spectral aliasing and azimuth output time folding simultaneously exist in TOPSAR (Terrain Observation by Progressive Scans) raw data. Resampling in both Doppler frequency and azimuth time domain can resolve the azimuth aliasing problem but with the seriously increased computational complexity and memory consumption. According to the special characteristics of TOPSAR raw data support in the slow time/frequency domain (TFD), the presented azimuth scaling preprocessing step is introduced to not only resolve the Doppler spectral aliasing problem but also reduce the increased azimuth samples. Furthermore, the correction of sawtoothed azimuth antenna pattern (AAP) becomes easy to be implemented. The following conventional stripmap processor can be adopted to focus the residual TOPSAR raw data but with the result of azimuth aliased TOPSAR image. The mosaic approach, which has been presented to unfold azimuth aliased ScanSAR image, is exploited to resolve the problem of azimuth output folding in TOPSAR mode. Simulation results and pulse response parameters are given to validate the presented imaging approach.     

航空发动机多路模糊切换控制系统设计

针对航空发动机在不同控制通路切换过程中出现的转速等参数发生大幅度跳变以及系统不稳定的问题,提出了一种模糊切换控制方法,设计了基于不同结构控制通路的模糊切换控制器,基于无源性概念对航空发动机多路模糊切换控制系统进行了稳定性分析,得到了多路模糊切换控制系统稳定的充分条件。航空发动机模糊切换系统与直接切换系统仿真结果表明了航空发动机多路模糊切换控制方法的有效性。     

地面防空武器面临的威胁及信息化发展趋势

随着高信息技术在军事领域的广泛应用,防空作战面临着越来越严峻的挑战.主要探讨了信息化战争中地面防空武器面临的主要威胁,分析了防空作战新发展,并对地面防空武器信息化的发展趋势进行了阐述.