氢氧发动机气液同轴式喷嘴流量特性研究

从实验和理论两个方面对氢氧发动机气液同轴式喷嘴的流量特性进行了研究。通过冷流实验测量了具有不同喷嘴缩进比的气液同轴式喷嘴流量随气液喷注压降的变化规律，考察了喷嘴内气液相互作用对喷嘴流量特性的影响，结果表明，气液相互作用对喷嘴气液流量都有一定影响，并且喷嘴缩进比愈大，影响也愈大。同时还提出了一个简化的气液同轴式喷嘴流量计算模型。理论与实验结果的比较证明了模型的合理性和可用性     

Approaching control for tethered space robot based on disturbance observer using super twisting law

Approaching control is a key mission for the tethered space robot to perform the task of removing space debris. But the uncertainties of the TSR such as the change of model parameter have an important effect on the approaching mission. Considering the space tether and the attitude of the gripper, the dynamic model of the TSR is derived using Lagrange method. Then a disturbance observer is designed to estimate the uncertainty based on STW control method. Using the disturbance observer, a controller is designed, and the performance is compared with the dynamic inverse controller which turns out that the proposed controller performs better. Numerical simulation validates the feasibility of the proposed controller on the position and attitude tracking of the TSR.     

Testing anti-fungal activity of a soil-like substrate for growing plants in bioregenerative life support systems

The object of this research is to study a soil-like substrate (SLS) to grow plants in a Bioregenerative Life Support System (BLSS). Wheat and rice straw were used as raw materials to prepare SLS. Anti-fungal activity of SLS using test cultures of Bipolaris sorokiniana, a plant-pathogenic fungus which causes wheat root rot was studied. Experiments were conducted with SLS samples, using natural soil and sand as controls. Infecting the substrates, was performed at two levels: the first level was done with wheat seeds carrying B. sorokiniana and the second level with seeds and additional conidia of B. sorokiniana from an outside source. We measured wheat disease incidence and severity in two crop plantings. Lowest disease incidence values were obtained from the second planting, SLS: 26% and 41% at the first and the second infection levels, respectively. For soil the values were 60% and 82%, respectively, and for sand they were 67% and 74%, respectively. Wheat root rot in the second crop planting on SLS, at both infection levels was considerably less severe (9% and 13%, respectively) than on natural soil (20% and 33%) and sand (22% and 32%). SLS significantly suppressed the germination of B. sorokiniana conidia. Conidia germination was 5% in aqueous SLS suspension, and 18% in clean water. No significant differences were found regarding the impact on conidia germination between the SLS samples obtained from wheat and rice straw. The anti-fungal activity in SLS increased because of the presence of worms. SLS also contained bacteria stimulating and inhibiting B. sorokiniana growth.     

二维欧拉方程高分辨正性保持差分格式

针对二维欧拉方程研究了一类高分辨正性保持波尔兹曼型差分格式,首先分析了波尔兹曼方程和欧拉方程之间的关系;然后,利用一种特殊的插值技术构造了一类高分辨波尔兹曼型差分格式.最后通过数值实验验证了格式的实用性和有效性.     

无人机/载机近距飞行的简化稳定性判据

无人机蜂群密集飞行和无人机空中回收都涉及到无人机/载机在近距干扰流场中的飞行稳定性问题。针对上述应用背景,采用无人机/载机干扰气动导数模型,分析近距飞行的影响因素,采用纵向运动动力学方程,推导出其简化稳定性判据,并采用典型飞行器参数进行初步分析。通过数值仿真分析,结果表明：该简化判据反映了无人机运动稳定性与气动特性、干扰流场特性的关系,可用于相关无人机在干扰流场中飞行稳定性初步分析和设计;干扰流场中的下洗效应可使无人机出现幅值收敛较慢的短周期模态运动,增加了干扰流场中实现稳定可控飞行的难度。     

气体密度超声检测法的研究

介绍了一种利用超声技术在线快速测量气体密度的方法。其原理是测出气体介质的压力和声速后,再根据由热力学和弹性介质力学建立起来的压力、声速和密度之间的关系算出密度。所有监控、测量和数据处理均由微机完成。还给出了在几种不同介质中的试验结果,并对结果进行了半定量的误差分析。与理论分析相比,有较好的一致性。超声检测法是一种在线检测气体密度的新方法。     

参数化大型客机方案实例库研究

 为充分利用和借鉴已有的大型客机方案实例信息,建立了参数化大型客机方案实例库,并在一个开放式飞机总体设计环境中完成了方案实例三维建模和相关参数入库,提出了面向对象的参数化实例方法。在此基础上实现了对实例库中客机参数的管理、参数分析,并通过初始布局方案的模块化设计,为总体设计阶段新方案的快速设计及初步分析奠定了一定的基础。最后通过应用示例说明了实例库在总体设计阶段的运用。     

飞机夹层结构的设计和泡沫芯材的选择

在夹层结构设计中使用泡沫芯夹芯不仅可以降低制造成本,而且也可以降低飞机全寿命维修成本。在设计时应该进行综合比较泡沫芯夹层和蜂窝芯夹层结构的不同特点,正确选择应用部位和结构方案,使用正确的夹层结构设计方式和芯材。     

High magnetic gradient environment causes alterations of cytoskeleton and cytoskeleton-associated genes in human osteoblasts cultured in vitro

The effects of a high magnetic gradient environment (HMGE) on the cytoskeletal architecture and genes associated with the cytoskeleton in osteoblasts (MC3T3-E1 and MG-63 cells) were investigated using confocal microscopy, real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The findings showed that, under diamagnetic levitation conditions, the architecture and average height of the cytoskeleton and surface roughness in osteoblasts were dramatically altered. HMGE affects cytoskeleton arrangement and cytoskeleton-associated gene expression.     

月球表面粗糙度的分形表征

文中采用"嫦娥一号"卫星探测器返回的激光高程计的数据,从研究月球表面的分形特征出发,选取月球表面的湿海区域进行研究,通过对激光高度计的原始数据进行处理,并利用SPSS统计软件对这两组数据进行拟合得到最佳的拟合模型。结果指出:1)分维可以作为一个独立的表征参量来表征粗糙表面的平缓程度。2)由拟合结果图可知,对于月球表面的湿海区域,分维与粗糙度存在单调递增关系,即分维值越大,区域表面越粗糙,表面起伏变化也越剧烈;并通过分析得出湿海区域的地形起伏较大。3)通过分维值D与粗糙度之间的关系式,对于某区域的任意一段轮廓,可以通过计算分维值D得出该轮廓的粗糙度值。同样的,对任一粗糙度值,可以求出相应的分维值以及该轮廓的具体纬度值位置。4)对于月球表面的其他区域,同样可以得出他们之间的相关性,从而达到研究月表地貌演化过程的目的。