跨声速风扇转子叶尖间隙效应的数值研究

对某三级跨声速风扇第一级转子带叶尖间隙的三维流动进行了数值模拟,分析了6种不同叶尖间隙下转子的性能和失速裕度,发现转子在无间隙时总压比和等熵效率最高。随着叶尖间隙的增加,峰值等熵效率一直降低。当间隙很小时,叶尖间隙的变化对效率的影响并不是很明显。而转子的失速裕度与叶尖间隙的大小并不存在单调的关系,在0.434%叶尖间隙弦长比时达到最大值,此时的等熵效率和压比均很高,说明存在着最佳间隙。     

TiAlB合金中初生TiB2的形貌及其形成机理

用原位自生法制备了Ti-53Al-xB合金,并用X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜对合金的相组成和微观组织进行了研究.结果表明:该合金主要由TiAl和TiB2两相组成;初生TiB2呈六面棱柱状,在TiAlB合金凝固过程中,Al原子富集在初生TiB2固-液界面前沿,导致固-液界面上B原子过饱和度不均匀性增加,使固-液界面变得不稳定, 从而在TiB2(0001)面上产生凸台或柱棒状分枝;分枝的各晶面取向与母体的取向一致,在初生TiB2(0001)面的凸台状或柱棒状分枝上能观察到清晰的台阶.     

Retrieval of vegetation equivalent water thickness from reflectance using genetic algorithm (GA)-partial least squares (PLS) regression

This study aimed to investigate the performance of genetic algorithms coupled with partial least squares (GA-PLS) modeling of spectral reflectance in retrieving equivalent water thickness (EWT) at leaf and canopy level. A genetic algorithm was used to identify a subset of spectral bands sensitive to the variation in EWT, and PLS was then applied to relate the identified bands to EWT values. GA-PLS was applied to leaf level reflectance available from LOPEX dataset, and canopy data includes reflectance simulated by a leaf radiative transfer model PROSPECT and a canopy radiative transfer model SAILH and acquired by airborne visible/infrared imaging spectrometer (AVIRIS). The results indicate that GA-PLS has the capability of retrieving EWT from leaf and canopy reflectance, and achieved good estimation accuracy, i.e. low root mean square errors (RMSE) and high squared correlation coefficients (R²). For the retrieval at leaf level, the estimation accuracy can be as good as RMSE = 0.0019 g/cm² and R² = 0.939 or better. For the retrieval at canopy level, the model accuracy is RMSE = 0.0061 g/cm² and R² = 0.966 or better when PROSPECT-SAILH simulated reflectance was used; when AVIRIS image spectra were used, the model accuracy is RMSE = 0.0094 g/cm² and R² = 0.8734 for the calibration, and RMSE = 0.0132 g/cm² and R² = 0.7756 for the validation. These results from GA-PLS modeling support the conclusion that GA-PLS has the potential to be applied to AVIRIS, Hyperion and HyMap imagery for retrieving EWT. The selected bands for the AVIRIS datasets differ from those for the LOPEX and PROSPECT-SAILH simulated datasets, and this inconsistence of the selected bands for different datasets indicates that the GA-PLS method has the advantage of tuning the optimum bands for PLS regression and accommodating the effects of confounding factors.     

High magnetic gradient environment causes alterations of cytoskeleton and cytoskeleton-associated genes in human osteoblasts cultured in vitro

The effects of a high magnetic gradient environment (HMGE) on the cytoskeletal architecture and genes associated with the cytoskeleton in osteoblasts (MC3T3-E1 and MG-63 cells) were investigated using confocal microscopy, real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The findings showed that, under diamagnetic levitation conditions, the architecture and average height of the cytoskeleton and surface roughness in osteoblasts were dramatically altered. HMGE affects cytoskeleton arrangement and cytoskeleton-associated gene expression.     

影响超精密车床加工精度的因素及其对策

结合ＨＣＭ－Ｉ型超精密车床的实际ｑ详细分析了影响超精密车床精度的几种主要因素，并提出了在数控系统中进行实时补偿的方法     

2A12铝合金中温化学镀Ni-P镀层的工艺研究

为解决2A12铝合金表面耐蚀性差和高温化学镀成本高、镀液不稳定且易分解的问题,提出了在其表面进行中温化学镀Ni-P镀层的工艺方法。本文研究了镀液p H值和温度的变化对镀层表面形貌的影响,并对镀层厚度、热处理后镀层表面硬度及耐蚀性等方面进行了研究,从而确定了中温化学镀Ni-P镀层的可行工艺方案。当镀液p H值为4.5,镀液温度为70℃时可获得较好的镀层表面形貌;镀后400℃热处理保温2h后,镀层硬度可达408HV;铝合金自腐蚀电位由施镀前-0.96V提高到-0.55V,耐蚀性得到提高。     

跨声速轴流压气机叶片周向弯曲的数值优化

采用优化软件ISIGHT作为平台,集成了三维粘性流计算软件NUMECA和轴流压气机叶片造型程序,建立了一套叶轮机械气动性能优化系统.针对跨声速轴流压气机动叶和静叶的周向弯曲进行了优化.结果在整条特性线上,该级压气机的效率和压比都得到了不同程度的提高,充分验证了该叶轮机械气动性能优化系统的可靠性.同时表明转子的尖部反弯可以有效地减小叶尖间隙的横向流动.      

渐变刚度钢板弹簧刚度特性计算的曲率-载荷混合法

渐变刚度钢板弹簧在汽车中有广泛的应用.目前,汽车钢板弹簧的计算方法主要有共同曲率法和集中载荷法,但用这些方法计算副簧为变截面簧片的渐变刚度钢板弹簧时,适应性不好、精度不高.本文建立了具有该结构形式的渐变刚度钢板弹簧的普遍适用的力学模型,提出了一种计算分析渐变刚度钢板弹簧刚度特性的曲率-载荷混合法,通过对某型铃木汽车的渐变刚度钢板弹簧刚度的实例计算及与实验值比较,表明本文提出的曲率-载荷混合法简便易行且有较好的精度.     

基于仿真的正交试验在对接锁系运动同步性研究中的应用

对接锁系运动同步性是空间对接机构完成刚性连接和分离的关键技术,通过采用 正交试验的方法合理设计仿真试验,高效找出影响对接锁系运动同步性的主要因素,明确了 提高锁系运动同步性的改进方向。