航空发动机双转子系统的拍振分析

 在双转子航空发动机中,由于转子系统不可避免地存在不平衡量,当两个转子的转速比较接近时,发动机会出现拍振现象,拍振将引起振动强度过大问题。对双转子系统的拍振进行了研究,分析了拍振的周期性、信号强度及其反向转子特性,阐明了拍振产生的机理和特征,并采用数值仿真和试验对拍振进行了定量分析和验证。研究表明,拍振与双转子转速差和不平衡量的相位因素有关,当转速差小于工作转速的20%时,双转子系统拍振信号的强度较大。     

空间相机相对辐射定标精度分析

文章介绍了CCD相机辐射定标概念;分析对比了平均行标准差法、平均标准差法和广义噪声法三种计算相对辐射定标精度的算法;对归一化系数法、最小二乘法进行相对定标的数学原理进行了介绍;并采用中巴地球资源卫星02B CCD相机辐射定标数据计算三种定标精度,验证了理论分析的正确性,并指出了现有定义算法的不足处。     

拦截高速目标的比例与反比例导引捕获区分析

针对拦截高速目标的作战特点,分析了比例导引(PN)与反比例导引(RPN)的捕获区。首先,通过分析拦截弹与目标的相对运动关系,推导得到了顺轨和逆轨的零控拦截条件,此条件由目标和拦截弹的速度前置角以及二者速度比确定;其次,以拦截弹和目标速度前置角为坐标系,推导得到了PN以及RPN捕获区以及各自导航比设置范围。PN的捕获区由逆轨零控拦截条件以及与其相切且斜率为1/(N-1)的两条直线构成,RPN的捕获区由顺轨零控拦截条件以及与其相切且斜率为1/(-N-1)的两条直线构成;然后,利用函数对称性将PN与RPN捕获区转换到同一坐标区间,得到了相同条件下RPN捕获区要大于PN捕获区的结论;最后,开展了四种情形下的仿真,验证了本文捕获区分析的合理性及有效性。     

天问一号火星探测器产品保证工作实践

分析了火星探测器任务环境复杂、软件自主性高、验证任务重、材料选用控制难等特点,总结了天问一号火星探测器在狠抓风险识别与管控、聚焦软件系统设计源头,严格试验考核,以及严控材料选用及验证等方面采取的主要产品保证工作措施.上述措施有效保证了天问一号火星探测器的产品质量,可为后续火星探测器及其他行星际探测器研制过程的产品保证工作提供借鉴.     

固体火箭发动机燃烧室三维流动数值计算

采用ｋε双方程湍流模型,以ＳＩＭＰＬＥ 计算程式求解翼柱型装药固体火箭发动机燃烧室内三维非定常不可压流ＮＳ 方程．在建立翼柱型装药简化模型的基础上采用边界标志法来表达燃面推移,采用从二维到三维的初场给定方法结合多重网格法求出了多个时间步的非稳态流场结构．计算结果表明燃烧室内旋涡运动呈现一定的空间与时间分布,周向加质导致燃气通道横断面上轴向速度分布的极不均衡．     

GRACE gravity field modeling with an investigation on correlation between nuisance parameters and gravity field coefficients

The GRACE (Gravity Recovery And Climate Experiment) monthly gravity models have been independently produced and published by several research institutions, such as Center for Space Research (CSR), GeoForschungsZentrum (GFZ), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales (CNES) and Delft Institute of Earth Observation and Space Systems (DEOS). According to their processing standards, above institutions use the traditional variational approach except that the DEOS exploits the acceleration approach. The background force models employed are rather similar. The produced gravity field models generally agree with one another in the spatial pattern. However, there are some discrepancies in the gravity signal amplitude between solutions produced by different institutions. In particular, 10%–30% signal amplitude differences in some river basins can be observed. In this paper, we implemented a variant of the traditional variational approach and computed two sets of monthly gravity field solutions using the data from January 2005 to December 2006. The input data are K-band range-rates (KBRR) and kinematic orbits of GRACE satellites. The main difference in the production of our two types of models is how to deal with nuisance parameters. This type of parameters is necessary to absorb low-frequency errors in the data, which are mainly the aliasing and instrument errors. One way is to remove the nuisance parameters before estimating the geopotential coefficients, called NPARB approach in the paper. The other way is to estimate the nuisance parameters and geopotential coefficients simultaneously, called NPESS approach. These two types of solutions mainly differ in geopotential coefficients from degree 2 to 5. This can be explained by the fact that the nuisance parameters and the gravity field coefficients are highly correlated, particularly at low degrees. We compare these solutions with the official and published ones by means of spectral analysis. It is found that our solutions are, in general, consistent with others in the spatial pattern. The water storage variations of the Amazon, Chari and Ganges river basins have also been computed. The variations computed with the NPARB approach are closer to those produced by JPL and DEOS solutions, while the variations produced with the NPESS approach are in good agreement with those produced by the CSR and GFZ solutions. A simulation study is implemented with considering realistic noise and low-frequency error. The two approaches are used to recover the true model. The NPESS solution appears closer to the true one. Therefore we are inclined to estimate the nuisance parameters simultaneously with the geopential coefficients.     

Conceptual design of a bioregenerative life support system containing crops and silkworms

This article summarizes a conceptual design of a bioregenerative life support system for permanent lunar base or planetary exploration. The system consists of seven compartments – higher plants cultivation, animal rearing, human habitation, water recovery, waste treatment, atmosphere management, and storages. Fifteen kinds of crops, such as wheat, rice, soybean, lettuce, and mulberry, were selected as main life support contributors to provide the crew with air, water, and vegetable food. Silkworms fed by crop leaves were designated to produce partial animal nutrition for the crew. Various physical-chemical and biological methods were combined to reclaim wastewater and solid waste. Condensate collected from atmosphere was recycled into potable water through granular activated carbon adsorption, iodine sterilization, and trace element supplementation. All grey water was also purified though multifiltration and ultraviolet sterilization. Plant residue, human excrement, silkworm feces, etc. were decomposed into inorganic substances which were finally absorbed by higher plants. Some meat, ingredients, as well as nitrogen fertilizer were prestored and resupplied periodically. Meanwhile, the same amount and chemical composition of organic waste was dumped to maintain the steady state of the system. A nutritional balanced diet was developed by means of the linear programming method. It could provide 2721 kcal of energy, 375.5 g of carbohydrate, 99.47 g of protein, and 91.19 g of fat per capita per day. Silkworm powder covered 12.54% of total animal protein intakes. The balance of material flows between compartments was described by the system of stoichiometric equations. Basic life support requirements for crews including oxygen, food, potable and hygiene water summed up to 29.68 kg per capita per day. The coefficient of system material closure reached 99.40%.     

航空永磁发电机的火灾保护

介绍一种应用于航空永磁发电机绕组短路保护的脱开机构，并为此脱开机构设计了测试电路，通过对脱开时间的测试，证明了这种脱开机构是有效的，最后对测试误差进行了分析。     

高速再入飞行器的制导与控制系统设计

 针对高速再入飞行器模型的快时变,强耦合,严重非线性的特点,采用反馈线性化方法,设计了自动驾驶仪;同时采用最优制导律设计与理想速度曲线相结合的方法,设计了能同时保证末端制导精度及速度方向、大小的制导律。最后,进行了六自由度仿真,结果表明 :设计的制导律及控制方案是合理、有效的,易于实现。     

超磁致伸缩材料作动器的研制及特性分析

 采用自制的TbDyFe超磁致伸缩材料设计并制作了主动振动控制用超磁致伸缩作动器 ,并对其偏置磁场、激励磁场、静态特性、动态特性和主动控制减振效果进行了测试和分析。研究结果表明 ,作动器工作应变在TbDyFe材料的线性区 ,其总伸缩量可达 70 μm。低频动态特性好 ,谐频影响小。在自适应滤波控制方式下使用该作动器对正弦振动进行主动控制减振 ,减振效果达到 30dB。磁场均匀性对作动器输出特性有明显影响 ,采用Ansys有限元软件精确设计作动器激励磁场 ,可提高超磁致伸缩材料沿轴向磁场均匀性。