角区三维分离流附着鞍点拓扑结构及其演化

实验研究角区层流边界层三维定常分离附着鞍点拓扑结构的存在性及其演化规律.二维粒子图像测速(PIV,Particle Image Velocimetry)激光片光源设置于给定平板和不同模型组成的角区对称面,采用微距镜头捕捉对称面奇点附近的局部流动拓扑结构.实验证实在一定流动参数条件下多种形状模型与平板形成的角区均存在有别于经典分离的附着鞍点拓扑结构;随着雷诺数增加或者随着模型钝度的变化,附着鞍点拓扑结构与经典分离鞍点拓扑结构之间存在着一定的演化规律;对附着鞍点拓扑结构与Lighthill经典三维分离模式的关系进行了分析,表明Lighthill经典三维分离模式也适用于分析附着鞍点拓扑结构.     

基于速度方向可操作度的机器蛙机构参数优化

以速度方向可操作度作为跳跃性能的评价指标,从机构设计角度寻求改善仿蛙跳跃机器人跳跃性能的方法.在仿蛙跳跃机器人机构模型的基础上,建立了起跳阶段的运动学方程,得到机器人从关节空间到质心运动空间的速度映射关系,结合速度方向可操作度,利用优化算法对仿蛙跳跃机器人的机构参数进行优化,使机器人的跳跃性能达到最佳.优化结果表明,运用速度方向可操作度理论,对跳跃机器人机构参数进行优化研究是有效可行的.     

基于四元数理论的彩色图像脉冲噪声开关滤波

根据四元数单位变换理论定义了一种新的描述彩色图像像素点间差异的距离,该距离可以同时描述两个彩色像素点在强度和色度上的差异.利用该距离和图像边缘的结构性与方向性,构造了一种基于四元数的开关型彩色图像脉冲噪声滤波器.该滤波器对像素点进行4个方向上的噪声检测并仅对检测为噪声的像素点进行滤波.实验表明:该滤波器能够在去除彩色图像中的相关和非相关噪声的同时保护图像细节,同时具有比传统方法更快的执行速度.     

Primary Solidification Phase and Lamellar Orientation in Directionally Solidified Ti-45Al-7Nb Alloy

Primary solidification phase and lamellar orientation are investigated in Ti-45Al-7Nb alloy at very high ratio of temperature gradient to growth rate (G/v) by a liquid-metal-cooled directionally solidified method. It shows that Ti-45Al-7Nb alloy solidifies with primary α phase. Longitudinal (parallel to growth direction) microstructure shows that α dendrites in solid-liquid mushy zone are discontinuous and transverse microstructure of α dendrites is worm-like feature. Growth direction of α phase is about 80° away from〈0001〉α direction, and close to〈1120〉α direction. The corresponding lamellar orientation is aligned at the angle of about 10° to growth direction, which is consistent with α-dendrite growth direction according to Blackburn orientation relationship. Therefore, due to the altered growth direction of α phase, the lamellar orientation in Ti-45Al-7Nb alloy is controlled at the G/v ratio of 5×109 K·sm-2.     

ZrB2 -SiC 的制备方法和性能研究

由于在极端环境中的优异物理化学性能,ZrB2基超高温陶瓷材料成为未来空天领域最具前途的候选材料之一,尤其是ZrB2-SiC材料近几年更成为研究热点。本文对ZrB2-SiC材料的制备、烧结致密化和力学性能等研究做了综合评述,重点对制备方法与使用性能间的关系进行了相关介绍。     

氧化锆气凝胶的制备方法研究进展

ZrO2气凝胶以其独特性质受到人们的广泛关注,对ZrO2气凝胶的结构、性质和制备方法进行了综述,制备方法包括有机锆盐原料法(锆醇盐水解法)和无机盐原料法(滴加环氧丙烷法、无机分散溶胶-凝胶法等)。其中,滴加环氧丙烷法是制备高性能ZrO2气凝胶非常有发展潜力的方法之一。     

基于云计算的广域差分增强系统研究

研究利用云计算技术提升现有导航定位系统功能,给出云计算技术支持下的导航定位云系统的基本原理和网络拓扑,将云计算引入广域差分增强系统进行导航定位信息的实时播发研究,提出一种基于节点异构性的分层混合组播云结构的广域差分增强系统,并对其进行性能分析。结果表明,该云系统网络配置简单,可扩展性强,实时性较好,可以很好地满足导航增强信息在互联网上大规模实时播发的应用需求。     

Design and performances of laser retro-reflector arrays for Beidou navigation satellites and SLR observations

Beidou is the regional satellite navigation system in China, consisting of three kinds of orbiting satellites, MEO, GEO and IGSO, with the orbital altitudes of 21500–36000 km. For improving the accuracy of satellites orbit determination, calibrating microwave measuring techniques and providing better navigation service, all Beidou satellites are equipped with laser retro-reflector arrays (LRAs) to implement high precision laser ranging. The paper presents the design of LRAs for Beidou navigation satellites and the method of inclined installation of LRAs for GEO satellites to increase the effective reflective areas for the regional ground stations. By using the SLR system, the observations for Beidou satellites demonstrated a precision of centimeters. The performances of these LRAs on Beidou satellites are very excellent.     

多导弹协同攻击编队非线性最优控制器设计

针对多导弹协同攻击编队控制问题,采用仿射非线性系统最优控制理论设计了基于领弹-从弹法的多导弹编队控制器.首先采用基于微分几何理论的非线性系统精确线性化方法,将导弹非线性运动模型线性化;然后根据从弹、领弹间的相对运动关系,给出了包含领弹运动信息和队形信息的从弹期望轨迹,建立了基于从弹跟踪误差向量的系统状态方程;最后采用基于稳态解的黎卡提矩阵微分方程求解方法解决最优控制问题,设计了从弹的三维非线性编队控制器;仿真结果表明所设计的控制器能够在领弹机动地情况下快速、稳定地实现编队队形的形成和保持.      

Response and adaptation of bone cells to simulated microgravity

Bone loss induced by microgravity during space flight is one of the most deleterious factors on astronaut’s health and is mainly attributed to an unbalance in the process of bone remodeling. Studies from the space microgravity have demonstrated that the disruption of bone remodeling is associated with the changes of four main functional bone cells, including osteoblast, osteoclast, osteocyte, and mesenchymal stem cells. For the limited availability, expensive costs and confined experiment conditions for conducting space microgravity studies, the mechanism of bone cells response and adaptation to microgravity is still unclear. Therefore, some ground-based simulated microgravity methods have been developed to investigate the bioeffects of microgravity and the mechanisms. Here, based on our studies and others, we review how bone cells (osteoblasts, osteoclasts, osteocytes and mesenchymal stem cells) respond and adapt to simulated microgravity.