GPS中频信号和IMU信号模拟及验证

为了研究GPS/INS（Inertial Navigation System）组合导航方案和算法,设计了一种GPS中频信号和IMU（Inertial Measurement Unit）信号的软件模拟器.首先建立了载体的运动模型,然后介绍了信号的仿真方法.根据载体的运动产生IMU信号,载体的典型运动包括平飞运动、横滚运动、俯仰运动和偏航运动.建立了典型的干扰模型,包括欺骗式干扰和压制式干扰（窄带干扰、宽带干扰、连续波干扰和锯齿调频连续波干扰等4种）,实现了干扰环境下的场景模拟.GPS/INS组合导航软件接收机对模拟器输出的数据进行解算,结果表明：信号的仿真算法是正确的,模拟器可以为组合导航接收机提供有效的中频信号和IMU信号.     

飞机产品客户化浅析

民用飞机是特殊商品,不同航空公司以及同一航空公司的不同发展阶段,由于其产品经营理念的差别,几乎每架飞机都是与众不同的,因此飞机产品客户化是航空公司和飞机制造商共同关注的话题。空客公司的民用系列飞机获得了世界的认可,其客户选型工作可以提供很好的参考。通过研究分析空客公司的客户选型相关工作,为我国大型客机客户化设计积累必要的技术储备和参考借鉴,并为我国大型客机产品客户化提出了研究方向。     

基于故障观测器的无人机直接自修复控制

提出一种基于故障观测器的无人机直接自修复控制。首先,根据系统本身存在的故障,设计了一个非线性故障观测器对其进行观测。其次,设计了一个快速终端滑模面和直接自修复控制器,将指数函数和符号函数引入到新型滑模面里。同时引入了自适应技术,对不确定的故障估计其上界。最后,通过对无人机进行了相应的仿真数值验证得出所提方法的有效性。     

Evaluation of COMPASS ionospheric model in GNSS positioning

As important products of GNSS navigation message, ionospheric delay model parameters are broadcasted for single-frequency users to improve their positioning accuracy. GPS provides daily Klobuchar ionospheric model parameters based on geomagnetic reference frame, while the regional satellite navigation system of China’s COMPASS broadcasts an eight-parameter ionospheric model, COMPASS Ionospheric Model(CIM), which was generated by processing data from continuous monitoring stations, with updating the parameters every 2 h. To evaluate its performance, CIM predictions are compared to ionospheric delay measurements, along with GPS positioning accuracy comparisons. Real observed data analysis indicates that CIM provides higher correction precision in middle-latitude regions, but relatively lower correction precision for low-latitude regions where the ionosphere has much higher variability. CIM errors for some users show a common bias for in-coming COMPASS signals from different satellites, and hence ionospheric model errors are somehow translated into the receivers’ clock error estimation. In addition, the CIM from the China regional monitoring network are further evaluated for global ionospheric corrections. Results show that in the Northern Hemisphere areas including Asia, Europe and North America, the three-dimensional positioning accuracy using the CIM for ionospheric delay corrections is improved by 7.8%–35.3% when compared to GPS single-frequency positioning ionospheric delay corrections using the Klobuchar model. However, the positioning accuracy in the Southern Hemisphere is degraded due apparently to the lack of monitoring stations there.     

On two kinds of intermediate orbits for asteroid explorations

In the paper, two kinds of intermediate orbits for asteroid explorations are proposed. One is around the collinear libration points of the Sun-asteroid restricted three-body problem. The other is around the asteroid itself. The first kind of intermediate orbit is applicable to asteroids with known masses, while the second is suitable for asteroids with unknown or negligible masses. Analytical solutions of these two intermediate orbits in the simplified models are introduced first, and then numerical algorithms are used to refine them to obtain the true orbits in the real force model. At last, the problem of station-keeping is addressed. The linear optimal feedback control law is used, and numerical simulations are made to both kinds of intermediate orbits. The results show that both kinds of orbits are feasible. The cost is reasonable and mainly depends on the initial insertion error.     

深空探测智能遥感技术展望

在深空探测背景下,采用传统遥感方式进行探测带有一定的局限性,文章以美国为例介绍了智能遥感技术的发展情况。分析了深空探测任务对于传统遥感器的新需求,提出在深空探测信息智能化获取模式、深空探测遥感器参数智能化调整和在轨数据智能化处理3个方面开展深空目标智能遥感研究,以解决传统遥感器在深空探测中面临的局限。重点阐述了实现深空探测智能遥感的关键技术。最后提出中国深空探测智能遥感技术的发展建议。     

载人航天器大气环境控制系统性能集成分析

考虑到载人航天器大气环境控制系统设计参数和控制参数众多,文章建立了一种载人航天器大气环境控制系统性能集成仿真分析模型,包括舱体模块、航天员模块、舱压控制模块、温湿度控制模块和二氧化碳净化模块。利用该模型对载人航天器常规工作模式下大气环境控制系统性能进行了计算分析,得到了在不同热负荷水平下载人航天器密封舱空气各个参数随在轨时间的变化趋势,结果表明:氧分压控制、二氧化碳净化和人区温湿度控制之间存在着密切的相互影响关系,不可孤立地进行分析。此外,文章还分析确定了非常规工作模式下热负荷水平允许上限,为载人航天器工作模式的确定提供了依据。研究结果有助于载人航天器大气环境控制系统的设计和流程改进。     

Dynamical evolution of high area-to-mass ratio objects in Molniya orbits

For special demands, some notable orbit types have been developed by human, including the Molniya orbits, which have a relatively high eccentricity up to about 0.7, and a period of 12 h. Considering that space debris with high area-to-mass ratio (A/M) has been discovered, such objects may also exist in Molniya orbits due to spacecraft and upper stages fragmentation events. However, there are not sufficient studies of the complex dynamical phenomena of such orbits. These studies can enrich the knowledge about the long-term evolution of these orbits, be helpful to propose uncatalogued objects observation and identification, and also set the protected region as well as active debris removal. In this paper, the characteristics of 2:1 resonance of Molniya satellite orbits are studied. A large set of numerical simulations, including all the relevant perturbations, is carried out to further investigate the main characteristics, and special attention is payed to the dynamical evolution of objects with high A/M, particularly affected by the direct solar radiation pressure. The long-term dynamical evolution of orbital elements, as well as the dependency of lifetime on the A/M value, is discussed.     

人因工程学在飞机驾驶舱空间布局设计中的应用

回顾了当前驾驶舱设计中人因工程学的研究进展,重点探讨了人因工程学研究方法在飞机驾驶舱空间布局设计中的具体应用,总结了设计中需要遵循的原则,并对驾驶舱设计进一步的研究提出了若干建议。     

如何进行航空气象主导能见度的准确观测

根据机场目标物或目标灯准确估测主导能见度数值是气象观测员具备的重要技能之一。本文结合民航气象地面观测工作实际,提出估测主导能见度的原则、方法和建议,以进一步提高观测员的观测水平。