民用支线飞机失速特性优化中关于机翼上表面涡流发生器的研究

飞机在飞行过程中迎角超过临界值后,机翼上表面原本附着的气流开始发生大面积分离,此时升力系数随着迎角的增大反而下降,这种现象称作失速。当飞机失速时,操控会受到很大的影响,是一种危险的飞行状态。某民用支线飞机在试飞中发现失速特性主要受滚转失速的影响,在达到最大升力系数之前就出现了不可接受的失速特性,失速进入过程中,副翼操纵效率降低较快,快接近失速时飞机出现急剧的滚转。涡流发生器在民机中有广泛的应用,可以改善机翼的流动分离从而提高失速特性,并且有改动小、可行性高等优点。拟通过在机翼上表面安装涡流发生器的方法来改善某民用支线飞机的失速特性。利用数值计算等方法设计出涡流发生器的位置、高度、偏角以及数量等参数。通过低速高雷诺数风洞试验来验证涡流发生器的实际效果,最后得出几种效果可观的涡流发生器方案。     

宽体飞机前主轮协同转弯主轮控制策略设计

飞机在进行地面转弯过程中,机场道面不平、侧风等环境因素可能导致主起落架转向轮的实际转角与理论转角不符,引起前轮转角和两侧主轮转角关系不匹配,增大轮胎侧向力,主起落架受到的扭矩增加。针对上述问题,提出两侧主轮独立控制的飞机地面转弯控制策略和基于内侧主起落架转向轮为主导对象,外侧主起落架转向轮为从动对象的主从控制策略以及实时转弯角度控制算法。建立基于弹性轮胎的飞机地面转弯模型,计算飞机地面转弯时的主起落架总扭矩。通过MATLAB设置不同主轮转角偏差,对两侧主轮的独立控制策略和主从控制策略下的主起落架总扭矩进行对比,发现前者能更有效降低飞机主起落架扭矩,增加飞机地面转弯安全性以及减小起落架设计难度。     

碳纤维热导率与其微观结构参数的关系

碳纤维具有多晶多相特性,为了研究微晶结构特性对热导率的影响,本文通过XRD对碳纤维的微观特征结构参数的表征,对导热性能与微观特征结构的关联性进行了研究。研究结果表明,碳纤维热导率随着石墨微晶的基面宽度（L_a）、堆砌厚度（L_c）和平均堆垛层数（N）的增大而增大,随着孔隙率（V_p）的增大而降低。基于Raman图谱的分峰拟合信息,对碳纤维的石墨化度进行分析。结果显示,碳纤维的石墨化度越大,热导率越高。     

多芯片组件（MCM）用金锡焊带材料电阻率及热导率温度特性研究

对牌号为Au₈₀Sn₂₀的金锡焊带材料在208~423 K的电阻率及热导率与温度的函数关系进行了研究,并对其在多芯片组件（MCM）中的传热效果进行了评估。分别对材料在208~423 K中5个温度点的电阻率及4个温度点的热导率进行了测试,基于理论模型建立电阻率/热导率随温度变化的函数关系,最终采用模拟热扩散数值方法评估材料在高温下的传热能力。结果表明,采用修正函数模型后,金锡焊带材料在208~423 K下热导率与电阻率的关系符合测试结果,随芯片表面温度的边界条件从208 K升高至423 K,采用变温热导率模型得到的热流密度模拟计算结果相比理想化恒定热导率模型的差异性逐渐升高至5.5%。综上,金锡焊带材料热导率与电阻率的关系符合Wiedemann-Franz法则修正后的Smith-Palmer方程,在该材料传热设计时应考虑其热导率温度效应。     

Conceptual design of a bioregenerative life support system containing crops and silkworms

This article summarizes a conceptual design of a bioregenerative life support system for permanent lunar base or planetary exploration. The system consists of seven compartments – higher plants cultivation, animal rearing, human habitation, water recovery, waste treatment, atmosphere management, and storages. Fifteen kinds of crops, such as wheat, rice, soybean, lettuce, and mulberry, were selected as main life support contributors to provide the crew with air, water, and vegetable food. Silkworms fed by crop leaves were designated to produce partial animal nutrition for the crew. Various physical-chemical and biological methods were combined to reclaim wastewater and solid waste. Condensate collected from atmosphere was recycled into potable water through granular activated carbon adsorption, iodine sterilization, and trace element supplementation. All grey water was also purified though multifiltration and ultraviolet sterilization. Plant residue, human excrement, silkworm feces, etc. were decomposed into inorganic substances which were finally absorbed by higher plants. Some meat, ingredients, as well as nitrogen fertilizer were prestored and resupplied periodically. Meanwhile, the same amount and chemical composition of organic waste was dumped to maintain the steady state of the system. A nutritional balanced diet was developed by means of the linear programming method. It could provide 2721 kcal of energy, 375.5 g of carbohydrate, 99.47 g of protein, and 91.19 g of fat per capita per day. Silkworm powder covered 12.54% of total animal protein intakes. The balance of material flows between compartments was described by the system of stoichiometric equations. Basic life support requirements for crews including oxygen, food, potable and hygiene water summed up to 29.68 kg per capita per day. The coefficient of system material closure reached 99.40%.     

差分卫星定位技术及其在武器系统中的应用

差分卫星定位系统可以极大地提高卫星定位的精度,但也有使用、维护复杂等缺点。针对差分卫星定位的特性,首先阐述了卫星差分定位的基本原理,分析了卫星定位误差源,并介绍了差分定位系统对各种误差的修正情况,然后介绍了差分定位系统的分类、方法及发展,其中详细介绍了在武器系统领域中应用较广的局域差分系统的各种方法及其优缺点;最后,对差分系统的实际应用进行了阐述,并重点探讨了其在进攻性武器及防御性武器领域实现应用的可行性。     

(70~100)MeV准单能中子参考辐射场设计

国内基于串列加速器建立了144keV~15MeV的单能中子参考辐射场,解决了20MeV以下能区中子探测器注量、剂量等参数的量值溯源,但尚未建立20MeV以上能区准单能中子参考辐射场。随着航天空间中子探测任务的需要以及地面高能质子加速器的发展,20MeV以上能区准单能中子参考辐射场需求越来越突出。发展20MeV以上能区高能中子参考辐射场对于满足国防需求、推动中子计量学科发展具有重要意义。     

基于纯文本数据文件的APDL与MATLAB的混合建模方法研究

通过对有限元软件ANSYS有限元模型生成方法的介绍和对比,提出基于纯文本数据文件的APDL与MATLAB的混合建模方法,并以建立单齿模型为例,在ANSYS中导人在MATLAB程序生成的数据文件,实现参数化建模。     

Measurement of mass diffusion coefficients of O_2 in aviation fuel through digital holographic interferometry

The experimental apparatus to measure the mass diffusion coefficients of O2 in aviation fuel was constructed based on the digital holographic interferometry method. The theory of mass diffusion coefficient and interference image processing were introduced in detail. The accuracy of the experiment was verified by measuring the mass diffusion coefficient of 0.33 mol/L KCl in aqueous solution at 298.15 K. The mass diffusion coefficients of O_2 in RP3 and RP5 aviation fuels were measured at temperature from 278.15 K to 333.15 K, and the Arrhenius equation was employed to fit the experimental data. In terms of the Stokes-Einstein equation, the viscosities of these two aviation fuels were tested to estimate the correlation among mass diffusion coefficient, viscosity and temperature. A uniform polynomial calculation correlation was proposed to predict the mass diffusion coefficients of O_2 in both RP3 and RP5 aviation fuels, and its accuracy is considerably higher than that of the Stokes-Einstein equation.     

插入式机翼下壁板对接附加弯矩研究

插入式机翼下壁板对接具有双剪传力稳定、疲劳性能好的优点,但其结构中心线在对接区变化明显,会带来附加弯矩。为尽量减小对接区的附加弯矩,提出了在建立飞机骨架模型时即优化中央翼下翼面外形面相对外翼下翼面的位置方法。基于插入式机翼下壁板对接结构的特点,阐述了对接结构偏心的来源和附加弯矩的形成;针对某A型飞机的对接结构计算了偏心值,并利用力法对附加弯矩在对接区的分布进行了计算分析。以某A型飞机的对接结构为基础,建立了4组插入式下壁板对接结构的模型,每组模型的中央翼下翼面位置相对外翼的不同;分别用力法和有限元法对附加弯矩进行了计算。结果表明：可以通过优化中央翼下翼面外形面的相对位置达到减小对接区附加弯矩的目的。描述了另外两种下壁板对接形式的附加弯矩情况,并和插入式的进行了简单比较。最后,总结了为减小区域附加弯矩及其不利影响在对接结构设计上需要注意的点。