2020年MRO需求分布预测

据《航空周刊2020年机队及维修市场预测》,2020年商用飞机、军用飞机、公务机和民用直升机的维修市场总价值为1843亿美元,其中仅商用飞机和军用飞机维修业务就达1658亿美元。但是,预测显示商用飞机产生9120万飞行小时,军用飞机仅产生990万飞行小时,因此军用飞机的飞行小时成本要高得多。而且预计军机维修支出中外场维修占49%,位居首位,其次是零部件、机体和发动机维修。     

Effect of gamma irradiation on hyperthermal composting microorganisms for feasible application in space

The composting system is the most efficient method for processing organic waste in space; however, the composting activity of microorganisms can be altered by cosmic rays. In this study, the effect of ionizing irradiation on composting bacteria was investigated. Sequence analyses of amplified 16S rRNA, 18S rRNA, and amoA genes were used to identify hyperthermal composting microorganisms. The viability of microorganisms in compost soil after gamma irradiation was directly determined using LIVE/DEAD BacLight viability kit. The dominant bacterial genera were Weissella cibaria and Leuconostoc sp., and the fungal genera were Metschnikowia bicuspidata and Pichia guilliermondii. Gamma irradiation up to a dose of 10 kGy did not significantly alter the microbial population. Furthermore, amylase and cellulase activities were maintained after high-dose gamma irradiation. Our results show that hyperthermal microorganisms can be used to recycle agricultural and fermented material in space stations and other human-inhabiting facilities on the Moon, Mars, and other planets.     

The study of enhanced earth observations on a satellite image chain

The Multi-Spectral Camera (MSC) on the KOrea Multi-Propose SATellite (KOMPSAT)-2 was developed and launched as a main payload to provide a One(1) m panchromatic image and four(4) band four(4) m multi-spectral images at an altitude of 685 km covering a swath width of 15 km. These images, archived around the world, are a useful resource for space applications in agriculture, cartography, geology, forestry, regional planning, surveillance, and national security. The image quality of KOMPSAT-2 depends upon its image chain, which is comprised of an on-board system in the satellite and a processing system at the ground station. Therefore, in this study we determine the factors that have a major impact on the image quality through an investigation of the entire image chain. Consequently, two methods, involving a compression algorithm and a deconvolution technique, were determined as having a significant influence on the KOMPSAT-2 image quality. The compression algorithm of KOMPSAT-2 is rate-controlled JPEG-like algorithm that controls the mismatch between the input and output data rate. The ability to control the input/output data rate may be useful during the operation of the satellite but can also lower the overall image quality. The deconvolution technique may increase the sharpness of images, but it can also amplify the image noise level. Therefore, we propose methods of wavelet-based compression and denoising as an alternative to currently existing algorithms. Satisfactory results were obtained through experimentation with these two algorithms, and they are expected to be successfully implemented into the future KOMPSAT series to yield high-quality images for enhanced earth observation.     

A review of global satellite-derived snow products

Snow cover over the Northern Hemisphere plays a crucial role in the Earth’s hydrology and surface energy balance, and modulates feedbacks that control variations of global climate. While many of these variations are associated with exchanges of energy and mass between the land surface and the atmosphere, other expected changes are likely to propagate downstream and affect oceanic processes in coastal zones. For example, a large component of the freshwater flux into the Arctic Ocean comes from snow melt. The timing and magnitude of this flux affects biological and thermodynamic processes in the Arctic Ocean, and potentially across the globe through their impact on North Atlantic Deep Water formation.     

Variations in polar rain flux according to IMF geometries observed by STSAT-1

We examined polar rain flux observed by STSAT-1 in the northern polar cap and compared it with solar wind parameters. We found that the differential energy spectrum of polar rain was similar to that of the solar wind for the energy range 100 eV – 1 keV, although we cannot rule out the possibility of a small amount of acceleration. On the other hand, the low-energy component of the solar wind showed no correlation and, naturally, the solar wind density had only a weak correlation with the polar rain flux. Polar rain flux in the northern hemisphere is most significant for the condition of the interplanetary magnetic field components Bz < 0, Bx < 0, and By > 0, and in this case it correlated well with the magnitude of By and Bz. For other interplanetary magnetic field conditions, the correlation was insignificant. The results are consistent with those reported previously.     

X-ray Spectroscopy of Astrophysical Dust

High spectral resolution X-ray instruments on powerful X-ray satellites (e.g. Chandra, XMM-Newton) pointed through dust and gas at bright black holes and neutron stars can be used to study dust and intervening material in unique ways. With the new subfield of Condensed Matter Astrophysics as its goal, I will discuss current efforts to combine techniques and knowledge from condensed matter physics and astrophysics to determine the species-specific quantity and composition of interstellar gas and dust in the ISM and ionized environments. Prospects for improving on this work in future X-ray missions with higher throughput and spectral resolution are also presented in the context of spectral resolution goals for gratings and calorimeters.     

Measuring the economic benefits of an environmental monitoring satellite project: The value of information approach

This paper reports a first application of contingent valuation method to measure the value of information generated by earth science data from an environmental geostationary satellite payload called Geostationary Environmental Monitoring Satellite. The purpose of the space project is to improve the accuracy of air pollution information by enhancing air pollution monitoring and forecasting system coupled with conventional ground level monitoring stations located throughout South Korea.     

A Novel Feedforward Compensation Canceling Input Filter-Regulator I nteraction

The interaction between the input filter and the control loop of switching regulators often results in detrimental effects, such as loop instability, degradation of transient response, and audiosusceptibility, etc. The concept of pole-zero cancellation is employed to mitigate some of these detrimental effects and is implemented using a novel feedforward loop, in addition to existing feedback loops of a buck regulator. Experimental results are presented which show excellent correlation with theory.