机动弹头气动布局的一种新思路

常规的全动舵面机动弹头在再入飞行过程中,舵缝隙和舵轴附近的热环境特别恶劣,舵轴在承受巨大的弯扭力矩的同时,还必须解决所面临的严重的烧蚀防热问题,舵的设计往往成为影响弹头技战术性能的严重制约因素.本文提出了一种新型伸缩舵面机动弹头气动布局设计新理念,避免了普通全动舵面布局方案中舵轴设计面临的严峻的热环境和力环境等问题,而且还可以只通过这两片舵面实现对弹头的姿态和升力大小及方向的控制,从而实现对弹道的三维控制,是一种很有前途的机动弹头布局新思路.     

柴油机螺旋进气道结构参数对气道性能的影响分析

对柴油机螺旋气道结构参数进行了流动特性敏感分析。采用数值模拟与测试结合的方法,对柴油机进气道最小截面的不同修改方案的流动特性进行了研究,分析了不同升程下气道性能影响因素与变化趋势。研究表明:小气门升程时,气道性能由气门开启面积决定;中大气门升程时,气道最小截面积是影响气道性能的主要结构参数之一,在螺旋进气道修正设计过程中应予以充分重视。与原气道对比,适当增加气道螺旋段外侧面积,可以提高平均涡流比;适当增加气道螺旋段内侧面积,可以提高平均流量系数。     

周期信号各参数的离散采样测量法（一）

描述用离散采样测量周期信号的有效值，失真度及相位等参数的简易且准确度很的测量方法，从数学上证明这些方法的正确性，并指出测量不确定度的来源。     

一个新的研究领域——演化硬件

演化硬件的概念最初是由HugodeGaris于1992年提出的。硬件演化的目的在于使硬件系统能够像生物一样改变其自身的结构以适应环境的变化。本文首先给出演化硬件的定义,继而介绍演化硬件的物质基础──可编程专用集成电路和演化硬件的理论基础──演化算法。进而研究实现硬件演化的方法,最后讨论演化硬件的发展前景。     

Radical recombination in a hydrocarbon-fueled scramjet nozzle

To reveal the radical recombination process in the scramjet nozzle flow and study the effects of various factors of the recombination, weighted essentially non-oscillatory(WENO)schemes are applied to solve the decoupled two-dimensional Euler equations with chemical reactions to simulate the hydrocarbon-fueled scramjet nozzle flow. The accuracy of the numerical method is verified with the measurements obtained by a shock tunnel experiment. The overall model length is nearly 0.5 m, with inlet static temperatures ranging from 2000 K to 3000 K, inlet static pressures ranging from 75 k Pa to 175 k Pa, and inlet Mach numbers of 2.0 ± 0.4 are involved.The fraction Damkohler number is defined as functions of static temperature and pressure to analyze the radical recombination progresses. Preliminary results indicate that the energy releasing process depends on different chemical reaction processes and species group contributions. In hydrocarbon-fueled scramjet nozzle flow, reactions with H have the greatest contribution during the chemical equilibrium shift. The contrast and analysis of the simulation results show that the radical recombination processes influenced by inflow conditions and nozzle scales are consistent with Damkohler numbers and potential dissociation energy release. The increase of inlet static temperature improves both of them, thus making the chemical non-equilibrium effects on the nozzle performance more significant. While the increase of inlet static pressure improves the former one and reduces the latter, it exerts little influence on the chemical non-equilibrium effects.     

一种多径条件下的MLS接收机测角误差分析新方法

为了准确分析多径环境条件下微波着陆系统接收机测角误差,在深入分析微波着陆系统(MLS)测角原理的基础上,提出了一种基于扫描波束主瓣等效替代的误差分析方法。该方法通过把往返波束脉冲主瓣用高斯钟形替代,准确计算了接收的扫描脉冲-3dB门限前后沿误差,建立了多路径条件下统一实用的接收脉冲包络波峰位置偏移误差模型和锁住闸门测量误差模型。为验证模型准确性,以特定的多径环境条件为例,计算MLS接收机的测角误差,将计算结果与利用Mathias经典模型的计算结果进行对比,并通过计算机仿真进行验证。结果表明,采用主瓣替代方法能够较好地克服经典模型精确分析误差方面的使用不足和缺陷,且对多径条件下接收机测角精度的准确评定具有一定的实用价值。     

激光沉积Ti-6Al-2Zr-Mo-V钛合金高周疲劳性能

 疲劳失效是钛合金工业应用中最重要的失效方式,疲劳强度是钛合金应用的关键性指标。为了研究激光沉积Ti-6Al-2Zr-Mo-V钛合金的疲劳性能和行为,在625 MPa到900 MPa不同应力水平下进行了室温高周疲劳(HCF)测试(应力比R=0.1,加载频率f=120~130 Hz),完成了疲劳断口表面分析。研究了气孔存在及分布对激光沉积Ti-6Al-2Zr-Mo-V钛合金疲劳性能的影响。激光沉积钛合金具有细小α/β片层组织。分析结果显示,虽然疲劳源区有气孔存在,激光沉积Ti-6Al-2Zr-Mo-V钛合金仍然具有优异的疲劳性能。取向丰富细小的α/β片层组织能有效减小疲劳源区滑移长度。分析结果还表明,应力水平对疲劳行为有一定影响。     

Forming Characteristics of Al-alloy Large-diameter Thin-walled Tubes in NC-bending Under Axial Compressive Loads

Tube thinning control without wrinkling occurring is a key problem urgently to be solved for improving the forming qualities in numerical control (NC) bending processes of large-diameter Al-alloy thin-walled tubes (AATTs). It may be a way solving this problem to exert axial compression loads (ACL) on the tube end in the bending. Thus, this article establishes a three-dimensional (3D) elastic-plastic explicit finite element (FE) model for the bending under ACL and has its reliability verified. Through a multi-index orthogonal experiment design, a combination of process parameters, each expressed by a proper range, for this FE model is derived to overcome the compression instability on tube ends. By combining the FE model with a wrinkling energy prediction model, an in-depth study is conducted on the forming characteristics of large-diameter AATTs with small bending radii and it can be concluded that (1) The larger the tube diameters and the smaller the bending radii, the larger the induced tangent tension stress zones on tube intrados, by which the tube maximum tangent compression stress zones will be partitioned in the bending processes; thus, the smaller the ACL roles in decreasing thinning degrees and the larger the compression instability possibilities on tube ends. (2) The tube wrinkling possibilities under ACL are larger than without ACL acting in the earlier forming periods, and smaller in the later ones. (3) For the tubes with a size factor less than 80, the ACL roles in decreasing thinning degrees are stronger than in increasing wrinkling possibilities.     

侧板构型对二维高超声速进气道启动性能的影响

对侧板前掠和侧板后掠两种构型的二维高超声速进气道开展了自由射流试验和数值模拟,考察了侧板构型对进气道启动性能的影响。结果表明,侧板前掠进气道的启动性能要明显优于后掠构型。通过对壁面压力分布、油流试验和数值模拟结果进行分析,发现侧板后掠进气道不启动流场大规模流动分离位于底板一侧,而前掠侧板对底板附近的流动分离具有限制作用,使得前掠构型不启动流场大规模分离形成于外罩一侧。外罩一侧边界层更薄,抵抗反压能力更强,更不容易发生分离,这正是造成前掠构型启动性能更优的原因。     

钇对Ti-Ti5Si3共晶合金微观组织和力学性能的影响

研究了稀土元素钇（Y）对Ti-Ti5Si3共晶合金的微合金化作用。微观组织分析表明,添加微量Y,可以改变原始钛硅合金的共晶团形态和组织形貌。适量Y的加入（原子比0．025％）,不仅使共晶团中粗大的Ti5Si3相颗粒明显细化和钝化,而且合金的微观组织也更加均匀。合金的室温压缩塑性和强度也得到了有效提高。稀土元素Y对钛硅合金的作用,很可能是因为Y原子替代了Ti5Si3相中的部分Si原子,形成硅化物Ti5（Si,Y）3所致。