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71.
Mendell WW 《Acta Astronautica》2005,57(2-8):676-683
The Vision for Space Exploration invokes activities on the Moon in preparation for exploration of Mars and also directs International Space Station (ISS) research toward the same goal. Lunar missions will emphasize development of capability and concomitant reduction of risk for future exploration of Mars. Earlier papers identified three critical issues related to the so-called NASA Mars Design Reference Mission (MDRM) to be addressed in the lunar context: (a) safety, health, and performance of the human crew; (b) various modalities of mission operations ranging surface activities to logistics, planning, and navigation; and (c) reliability and maintainability of systems in the planetary environment. In simple terms, lunar expeditions build a résumé that demonstrates the ability to design, construct, and operate an enterprise such as the MDRM with an expectation of mission success. We can evolve from Apollo-like missions to ones that resemble the complexity and duration of the MDRM. Investment in lunar resource utilization technologies falls naturally into the Vision. NASA must construct an exit strategy from the Moon in the third decade. With a mandate for continuing exploration, it cannot assume responsibility for long-term operation of lunar assets. Therefore, NASA must enter into a partnership with some other entity--governmental, international, or commercial--that can responsibly carry on lunar development past the exploration phase. 相似文献
72.
Blood pressure at 30-sec intervals, heart rate, and percentage increase in leg volume continuously were recorded during a 25-min protocol in the M092 Inflight Lower Body Negative Pressure (LBNP) experiment carried out in the first manned Skylab mission. These data were collected during six tests on each crewman over a 5-month preflight period. The protocol consisted of a 5-min resting control period, 1 min at -8, 1 min at -16, 3 min at -30, 5 min at -40, and 5 min at -50 mm Hg LBNP. A 5-min recovery period followed. Inflight tests were performed at approximately 3-day intervals through the 28-day mission. Individual variations in cardiovascular responses to LBNP during the preflight period continued to be demonstrated in the inflight tests. Measurements of the calf indicated that a large volume of fluid was shifted out of the legs early in the flight and that a slower decrease in leg volume, presumably due to loss of muscle tissue, continued throughout the flight. Resting heart rates tended to be low early in the flight and to increase slightly as the flight progressed. Resting blood pressure varied but usually was characterized by slightly elevated systolic blood pressure, lower diastolic pressure, and higher pulse pressures than during preflight examinations. During LBNP inflight a much greater increase in leg volume occurred than in preflight tests. Large increases occurred even at the smallest levels of negative pressure, suggesting that the veins of the legs were relatively empty at the beginning of the LBNP. The greater volume of blood pooled in the legs was associated with greater increases of heart rate and diastolic pressure and larger falls of systolic and pulse pressure than seen in preflight tests. The LBNP protocol represented a greater stress inflight, and on three occasions it was necessary to stop the test early because of impending syncopal reactions. LBNP responses inflight appeared to predict the degree of postflight orthostatic intolerance. Postflight responses to LBNP during the first 48 hours were characterized by marked elevations of heart rate and instability of blood pressure. In addition, systolic and diastolic pressures were typically elevated considerably both at rest and also during stress. The time required for cardiovascular responses to return to preflight levels was much slower than in the case of Apollo crewmen. 相似文献
73.
用于导弹系统性能统计分析的统计线性化伴随法 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文在研究SLAM方法基础上,进行了理论推导和计算方法方面的改进,并将此方法应用于导弹系统性能的统计分析,计算机仿真结果表明该方法与采用CADET方法的结果完全一致。 相似文献
74.
自主交会对接测量系统和对接敏感器 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
自主交会对接的关键技术之一就是测量系统和敏感器。本文首先论述测量系统的设计方案,它采用4种敏感器,互为备分,这是一种具有很高可靠性的测量系统。其次论述对接敏感器的构成、工作原理的技术性能。 相似文献
75.
黄琳 《桂林航天工业高等专科学校学报》2006,11(3):115-117
词汇学习是语言学习的基础,也是大学英语教学的一个重要内容。文章在描述性统计和定量分析的基础上对大学一年级A级班学生词汇水平得出三种结论:(1)大一新生词汇广度和深度的发展极为不平衡;(2)不同专业对比班在词汇掌握的广度上不存在较大差异;(3)男生学习词汇的能力优于女生。 相似文献
76.
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78.
本文首先分析了某类导弹系统的稳定性,然后对天线罩瞄准线误差斜率A的摄动对寻的制导控制系统稳定性的影响进行了研究。在此基础上,文章提出了鲁棒导引控制器的设计方法。仿真结果表明,按此方法设计出的控制器对于A的摄动具有满意的鲁棒性,该方法在某类导弹控制系统的设计中得到应用,效果良好。 相似文献
79.
红外型空空导弹智能制导律研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文论述了红外型空空导弹应用智能控制的理论基础及结构特点,以多级智能控制的框架和机理设计出以比例导引为主、智能控制为辅的变指令智能制导律,并编制计算机软件以数字仿真的形式验证变指令智能制导规律的有效性和可行性 相似文献
80.
To meet the significant increase in EVA demand to support assembly and operations of the International Space Station (ISS), NASA and industry have improved the current Shuttle Extravehicular Mobility Unit (EMU), or "space suit", configuration to meet the unique and specific requirements of an orbital-based system. The current Shuttle EMU was designed to be maintained and serviced on the ground between frequent Shuttle flights. ISS will require the EMUs to meet increased EVAs out of the Shuttle Orbiter and to remain on orbit for up to 180 days without need for regular return to Earth for scheduled maintenance or refurbishment. Ongoing Shuttle EMU improvements have increased reliability, operational life and performance while minimizing ground and on-orbit maintenance cost and expendable inventory. Modifications to both the anthropomorphic mobility elements of the Space Suit Assembly (SSA) as well as to the Primary Life Support System (PLSS) are identified and discussed. This paper also addresses the status of on-going Shuttle EMU improvements and summarizes the approach for increasing interoperability of the U.S. and Russian space suits to be utilized aboard the ISS. 相似文献