基于有向无圈图的敏捷卫星姿态机动策略

针对敏捷卫星一次过境时间内的同轨拼幅观测和同轨多点连续观测模式的姿态机动策略问题,提出一种基于时间序有向无圈图的敏捷卫星姿态机动策略算法.该算法首先将区域目标和点目标转化为若干条带目标,然后通过将各个条带的观测时间窗口离散成一系列带有条带信息的时刻点,构造时间序有向无圈图,将敏捷卫星对地观测姿态机动策略问题转换为图论的寻找最优路径问题.仿真算例表明,该算法能够有效解决敏捷卫星同轨拼幅观测和多点连续观测的姿态机动策略问题,获得最大化观测覆盖收益同时机动时间消耗最小的姿态机动方案.      

关于太阳耀斑观测的地图匹配算法实现

利用海洋的镜面反射进行太阳耀斑观测,要求以星下点为中心的卫星视场必须落在海洋区内。针对如何判定卫星视场和海岸线地图的位置关系问题,文章将卫星视场构成的矩形区域与海岸线地图构成的不规则多边形区域等效为多条线段集合,并提出一种把判断矩形与不规则多边形位置关系转化成判断等效线段之间位置关系的算法。该算法与传统的线段裁剪法或多边形裁剪法比较,具有无需求取线段交点、判断次数大幅减小等优点,能够达到快速判断能否进行耀斑观测的目的。     

金属增材制造技术

金属增材制造技术作为3D打印技术的一个重要分支,在20余年的发展中取得了显著的进展。文中简要回顾了金属增材制造技术的历史溯源,重点从制件组织结构、制件性能、制件微观缺陷、成形工艺等方面分析了针对钛合金、镍基高温合金等常用材料的增材制造技术研究新进展,探讨了增材制造技术发展所面临的技术问题以及需要重点考虑的发展方向。     

一种基于信号合成的无线电干涉测量方法

针对后续深空探测任务更高测量精度需求,文章提出了一种基于信号合成的无线电干涉测量方案,并对方案性能进行了理论分析;结合目前主流信号合成算法,提出了一种基于相位补偿的Sumple算法,该算法不仅合成效率高,且合成信号与参考信号具有相同的相位特性,这是天线组阵技术应用于无线电干涉测量的前提;利用相控阵天线试验数据和DOR信号仿真数据对合成方案和合成算法进行了验证,结果表明信号合成处理可以提高无线电干涉测量时延估计精度,这在深空探测任务中具有重要意义。     

The influence of the spatial and temporal collocation windows on the comparisons of the ionospheric characteristic parameters derived from COSMIC radio occultation and digisondes

GPS radio occultation (RO) ionospheric products obtained by Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate (COSMIC) mission during the year of 2014 and the observations from 3 digisonde stations which are located at different latitudes are used to study the influence of different time and space collocation windows on the comparisons of the ionospheric characteristic parameters (ICPs), including the peak density and peak height, derived from the two techniques. The results show that the correlation coefficients (CC) and the standard deviation of the absolute biases (SDAB) between the ICPs derived from the two techniques vary distinctly under different spatial and time collocation windows. Generally, the CC (SDAB) of the ICPs decrease (increase) as the size of the collocation window increases in time dimension or in space dimension. The rate of change of the statistic parameters with the increase in the size of the collocation window in time dimension and space dimension is analyzed for each digisonde station. It is found that within the collocation window of $\left(60\mathrm{m}\mathrm{i}\mathrm{n},{20}^{°},{20}^{°}\right)$, the influence of the increase of $1^{°}$ in the space window on the statistical comparison is much more significant than that of the increase of 1?min in the time window, and it is suggested that there can be appropriate relaxation on the time window within the threshold of 60?min to get a balance between the quality of the comparison results and the number of the matched pairs. In addition, it is found that the same variations in the longitude window and in the latitude window may have different influences on the comparison results when the horizontal gradients in electron density are distinctly different along different directions at the digisonde station, and strict space collocation window is preferred when comparing the observations from COSMIC RO with those from the digisonde station in such cases.     

空间拦截仿真平台设计

仿真平台研制是系统仿真的重要课题.根据空间拦截过程仿真的需要,提出了一个可集成多种空间拦截任务、便于扩展、具有完善可视化功能的仿真平台设计方案.介绍了仿真平台的层次划分、各层次的主要功能以及层次间的关系.详细阐述了仿真平台的整体框架.重点研究了平台可视化的实现技术和集成多种拦截任务的具体方法.实际应用表明:该平台可以完成多种空间拦截任务的仿真并具备足够的扩展能力,完备的可视化功能更为空间拦截问题的研究提供了便利.      

飞行器共形天线新型制造工艺及应用研究进展

共形天线具有小型化、低剖面、大孔径等特点,是未来天线重点发展趋势之一,以气动一体化天线、超宽带窄波束天线为代表的共形天线成为目前飞行器天线领域的研究热点。当前共形天线的制作工艺主要包括打印、转印、激光加工等,采用合适的工艺能够实现天线的大面积共形制造。讨论了共形天线在不同飞行器载体上的优势,如打印制作的低剖面机载天线可实现战机的气动隐身一体化需求,也可满足弹载天线小型超宽带需求,柔性天线可应用于星载充气可展开天线等。在此基础上对当前共形天线存在的关键技术问题进行了阐述,并对共形天线在航空航天领域的未来发展做出了展望。     

航空发动机叶片叶缘随形磨抛刀路规划

航空发动机叶片是整机核心零件,其制造量占到30%以上。叶片叶缘具有大弯扭复杂曲面、薄壁圆角半径微小渐变、精度要求苛刻等特征,末端工序磨抛的精度和品质直接决定整机的性能与寿命。人工仍然是叶片叶缘磨抛的主要手段,然而粉尘危害健康、经验依赖性强、零件一致性差等不足决定了自动化磨抛是必然趋势。叶片叶缘自动化磨抛多采用砂轮横磨或纵磨的刀路规划方式,存在刀路不连续且分行密集、力控制困难等不足,易造成叶缘局部过切,难以保证圆角轮廓创成。为此,建立了砂带包络叶缘的螺旋进给力控磨抛工艺,提出了面族与复杂曲面高阶切触的随形磨抛路径规划方法,实现了叶片叶缘的宽行高效磨抛。首先对叶缘区域进行横磨刀路规划,然后依照圆弧拟合曲线原理进行高阶切触式包络段再规划,最后进行横纵混合磨抛路径规划实现螺旋式连续进给。针对航空发动机叶片开展仿真和实验验证,结果表明所提出的方法相比于传统的横磨或纵磨方法,可将刀触点减少78.8%,轮廓精度由-0.06~+0.07 mm提高到-0.015~+0.05 mm,表面粗糙度由R_a>3.2 μm提高到0.175 μm,并且有效保证了叶缘轮廓形状,避免了过切现象。     

The evolution of globular clusters

Taking a wide range of the initial conditions, including spatial density distribution and mass function etc, the dynamical evolution of globular clusters in the Milky Way is investigated in detail by means of Monte Carlo simulations. Four dynamic mechanisms are considered: stellar evaporation, stellar evolution, tidal shocks due to both the disk and bulge, and dynamical friction. It is found that stellar evaporation dominates the evolution of low-mass clusters and all four are important for massive ones. For both the power-law and lognormal initial clusters mass functions, we can find the best-fit models which can match the present-day observations with their main features of the mass function almost unchanged after evolution of several Gyr. This implies that it is not possible to determine the initial mass function only based on the observed ones today. Moreover, the dispersion of the modelled mass functions mainly depends on the potential wells of host galaxies with the almost constant peaks, which is consistent with current observations.     

直升机传动系统花键连接轴的动力失稳

为有效传递扭矩,花键联轴器在旋转机械中得到了广泛应用,直升机传动系统也采用了这种结构形式,因此对花键连接超临界轴的稳定性进行理论分析,并在直升机尾传动轴上开展相应的实验和验证工作.通过安装和拆卸花键两端用于润滑油脂密封的O型圈,来改变花键的工作状态,实现了尾传动轴由相对稳定向完全不稳定的转变.研究表明:由花键及其两端支承表面处产生的摩擦形成的内阻尼是导致尾传动轴发生自激振动的根源;通过改善花键连接处的工作状态,能有效改善超临界转轴的稳定性,这对直升机传动系统超临界轴的设计有一定指导意义.