Dynamic tensile behavior of AZ31B magnesium alloy at ultra-high strain rates

The samples having {0001} parallel to extruding direction(ED) present a typical true stress–true strain curve with concave-down shape under tension at low strain rate. Ultra-rapid tensile tests were conducted at room temperature on a textured AZ31 B magnesium alloy. The dynamic tensile behavior was investigated. The results show that at ultra-high strain rates of 1.93 · 102 s 1and 1.70 · 103 s 1, the alloy behaves with a linear stress–strain response in most strain range and exhibits a brittle fracture. In this case, {10-12} 10-11 extension twinning is basic deformation mode. The brittleness is due to the macroscopic viscosity at ultra-high strain rate, for which the external critical shear stress rapidly gets high to result in a cleavage fracture before large amounts of dislocations are activated. Because {10-12} tension twinning, {10-11} compressive twinning,basal a slip, prismatic a slip and pyramidal c + a slip have different critical shear stresses(CRSS), their contributions to the degree of deformation are very differential. In addition,Schmid factor plays an important role in the activity of various deformation modes and it is the key factor for the samples with different strain rates exhibit various mechanical behavior under dynamic tensile loading.     

Fuzzy robust nonlinear control approach for electro-hydraulic flight motion simulator

A fuzzy robust nonlinear controller for hydraulic rotary actuators in flight motion simulators is proposed. Compared with other three-order models of hydraulic rotary actuators, the proposed controller based on first-order nonlinear model is more easily applied in practice, whose control law is relatively simple. It not only does not need high-order derivative of desired command,but also does not require the feedback signals of velocity, acceleration and jerk of hydraulic rotary actuators. Another advantage is that it does not rely on any information of friction, inertia force and external disturbing force/torque, which are always difficult to resolve in flight motion simulators. Due to the special composite vane seals of rectangular cross-section and goalpost shape used in hydraulic rotary actuators, the leakage model is more complicated than that of traditional linear hydraulic cylinders. Adaptive multi-input single-output(MISO) fuzzy compensators are introduced to estimate nonlinear uncertain functions about leakage and bulk modulus. Meanwhile, the decomposition of the uncertainties is used to reduce the total number of fuzzy rules. Different from other adaptive fuzzy compensators, a discontinuous projection mapping is employed to guarantee the estimation process to be bounded. Furthermore, with a sufficient number of fuzzy rules, the controller theoretically can guarantee asymptotic tracking performance in the presence of the above uncertainties, which is very important for high-accuracy tracking control of flight motion simulators.Comparative experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm, which can guarantee transient performance and better final accurate tracking in the presence of uncertain nonlinearities and parametric uncertainties.     

先进陶瓷材料胶态成型工艺研究进展

重点介绍了几种主要陶瓷胶态成型工艺，包括注射成型、注浆成型、凝胶泣模成型、直接凝固注模成型、水解辅助固化成型和电泳浇注成型。对上述工艺的原理、工艺过程及特点进行了比较，并提出了陶瓷成型工艺的关键问题。     

碳化硅反射镜材料性能预测

预测了反应烧结SiC（RBSiC）的物理及部分力学性能与游离Si含量的变化关系，并对预测值与测量值进行比较以验证其符合程度。经预测，随Si含量的增加，RBSiC的密度呈线性下降，尤其是气孔对材料密度的影响非常明显;线膨胀系数和热导率均应呈加速上升趋势，比热容稍有下降；各模量均有下降趋势。随着气孔的增加，RBSiC的膨胀量变化不明显，比热容和热导率均呈减速下降趋势。RBSiC测量值与预测值产生偏差是因为材料中Si含量的增加导致缺陷增多以及计算性能用数据有偏差所致，但预测仍能较符合RBSiC性能随Si含量变化趋势，因此认为预测值较为合理可作为性能参考值使用。     

彩色车牌图像的多阈值分割方法

彩色图像的颜色是图像分析的重要特征信息,颜色特征的提取是图像分析的重要步骤,但彩色图像为多维空间信息且可能涉及的是多种颜色特征。文章介绍了采用多阈值分割方法,将多种感兴趣的颜色信息转化为灰度图像,在同一个灰度图像中对应多种彩色信息,对各种不同颜色信息方便处理。通过200幅实测车辆图像使用彩色图像的多阈值分割方法进行车牌定位试验,准确率为98%。     

钇对Ti-Ti5Si3共晶合金微观组织和力学性能的影响

研究了稀土元素钇（Y）对Ti-Ti5Si3共晶合金的微合金化作用。微观组织分析表明,添加微量Y,可以改变原始钛硅合金的共晶团形态和组织形貌。适量Y的加入（原子比0．025％）,不仅使共晶团中粗大的Ti5Si3相颗粒明显细化和钝化,而且合金的微观组织也更加均匀。合金的室温压缩塑性和强度也得到了有效提高。稀土元素Y对钛硅合金的作用,很可能是因为Y原子替代了Ti5Si3相中的部分Si原子,形成硅化物Ti5（Si,Y）3所致。     

提高铸造高速钢模具韧性和耐磨性的研究

用Re-Mg-Ti对低碳铸造高速钢(6W6Mo5Cr4V)模具进行变质处理,消除了钢中网状共晶碳化物,细化了基体组织,还可减轻W、Mo元素偏析。变质处理后,高速钢硬度、红硬性和强度变化不大,断裂韧性和疲劳裂纹扩展门槛值有所提高,冲击韧性提高1倍以上,耐磨性也明显提高,可以实现“以铸代锻”。     

含SMA纤维的复合材料层合板的应力集中实验与分析

 由于具有形状记忆效应, 埋入复合材料层合板中的形状记忆合金纤维, 相变后将产生很大的回复应力, 不仅改善了整个承载结构的机械性能, 而且改变了危险区域的应力分布, 降低了应力集中程度。针对带孔的复合材料层合板, 通过拉伸实验及测定应力集中因子, 说明形状记忆合金纤维对于承载复合材料构件孔边附近区域的应力集中有很好的抑制作用, 孔边应力集中因子最大可降低9%。     

热防护用发汗冷却技术的研究进展（I）——冷却方式分类、发汗冷却材料及其基本理论模型

综述了国内外航天热防护用冷却技术的分类、发汗冷却材料研究现状以及发汗冷却技术理论模型的研究进展。比较分析了发汗冷却技术与其他冷却技术的优缺点，并对发汗冷却技术的理论模型作了初步的探讨。     

无压浸渗制备结构/功能一体化铝基复合材料的性能及应用

介绍了结构/功能一体化铝基复合材料与传统材料相比所具有的优势,及基于无压浸渗的近净形制备加工技术的应用和产品的性能;预测并探讨了此种材料的应用前景.