轴对称紊流发生器主要几何参数对紊流度的影响

本文分析比较了轴对称紊流发生器的主要几何参数对紊流度的影响.试验表明,采用适当的面积比,较小的扩张角和收缩比,较短的相对长度,在M_2=0.4～0.6的范围内,能获得较高的紊流度.如当M_2=0.5时,紊流度可达0.076,总压恢复系数为0.74.     

净升力对临近空间浮空器上升航迹的影响分析

基于临近空间浮空器动力学与热力学耦合关系,研究分析上升过程飞行航迹与内部气体热性能。建立临近空间浮空器初始充气量模型、热模型和上升过程动力学模型,通过飞行试验验证了数学模型的准确性。仿真计算了某高空科学气球的上升航迹,得到了气球净升力对爆破高度、速度等飞行航迹性能参数的影响,分析了参数变化规律与变化原因。研究结果表明,随着净升力的增加,爆破高度迅速降低,而气球上升速度逐渐上升,且上升速度的增大比爆破高度的减小相对于净升力的变化更加敏感,表明气球的净升力对航迹性能参数存在重要影响。研究结果可为临近空间浮空器设计、试验和应用提供理论参考。     

“簇形”课程体系在高职网络专业教学改革中的实践

文章就"簇形"课程体系在长沙航院网络专业教学改革中的实践进行了归纳和总结,为高职网络专业建设和发展提供了一些新的想法和思路。     

排气扩压器对高空舱压的影响与控制方法

为研究排气扩压器流动特性对高空舱后舱压力控制的影响,采用ANSYS191对排气扩压器进行数学建模和流场数值模拟分析,揭示其内部实际流动的物理过程;在次流质量流量为20 kg/s时,数值模拟不同排气扩压器背压和主流流量时后舱压力的变化规律,并通过样条插值得到排气扩压器背压、主流流量和后舱压力三者关系模型;建立高空舱后舱压力控制系统仿真模型,分析在不同调节模式和不同控制方法下排气扩压器流动特性对压力调节的影响。结果表明:发动机喷嘴出口处速度最大,混合后速度迅速下降,下降了约88%,而压力沿着排气扩压器轴向逐渐增大,最后趋于边界值。在发动机过渡态试验中,排气扩压器流动特性对后舱压力控制系统扰动很大,线性PID(proportion integration differentiation)控制难以保证后舱压力高精度、强抗扰的调节品质要求,而非线性PID控制不仅能减小排气扩压器流动特性对压力调节的影响,抑制发动机流量扰动,而且能保证瞬态响应快,超调量小,调节精度高。      

Investigation into Pilot Handling Qualities in Teleoperation Rendezvous and Docking with Time Delay

Teleoperation rendezvous and docking can be used as a backup for autonomous rendezvous and docking(RVD) for an unmanned spacecraft when the autonomous system is failure or for guiding the chaser docking with an uncooperative target.The theoretical model for analyzing the handling qualities in teleoperation RVD process is established based on the previous studies conducted by National Aeronautics and Space Administration(NASA).The predictive factor is introduced to describe the pilot’s predictive ability in the teleoperation tasks with time delay,which interrelates with the skills of a pilot and the predictive assist approach used in the tasks such as the predictive display method.Based on the semi-physical simulation system in our laboratory,900 experiments at two levels of time delay are carried out by 18 volunteers for validating the established model.The experimental results demonstrate the correctness of the theoretical model and indicate that a skilled pilot has a predictive ability of approximately 0.9 in teleoperation RVD tasks.The theoretical analysis shows that the handling qualities are greatly affected by the time delay and the predictive factor,and it is impossible to achieve a teleoperation RVD task for the skilled pilot when the time delay is larger than 9.0 s.     

基于θ-D方法的在轨操作相对姿轨耦合控制

针对诸如模块更换、燃料加注等在轨操作任务中的相对动力学与控制问题,建立了描述航天器间近距离相对运动的轨道姿态耦合动力学模型,结合轨道摄动和姿态干扰力矩分析了耦合项对模型的影响。考虑到基于状态相关系数形式模型的非线性和时变性,采用θ-D次优控制算法设计了相对姿轨耦合控制器。以在轨加注任务最终逼近段为背景,针对目标航天器失控旋转的情况进行了数值仿真,仿真结果表明了θ-D控制算法能够实现对相对轨道和姿态的同步控制,简化对控制器的求解并具有较高的控制精度。     

Selection of classification techniques for land use/land cover change investigation

The concerns over land use/land cover (LULC) change have emerged on the global stage due to the realisation that changes occurring on the land surface also influence climate, ecosystem and its services. As a result, the importance of accurate mapping of LULC and its changes over time is on the increase. Landsat satellite is a major data source for regional to global LULC analysis. The main objective of this study focuses on the comparison of three classification tools for Landsat images, which are maximum likelihood classification (MLC), support vector machine and artificial neural network (ANN), in order to select the best method among them. The classifiers algorithms are well optimized for the gamma, penalty, degree of polynomial in case of SVM, while for ANN minimum output activation threshold and RMSE are taken into account. The overall analysis shows that the ANN is superior to the kernel based SVM (linear, radial based, sigmoid and polynomial) and MLC. The best tool (ANN) is then applied on detecting the LULC change over part of Walnut Creek, Iowa. The change analysis of the multi temporal images indicates an increase in urban areas and a major shift in the agricultural practices.     

航天器振动试验力限条件设计半经验方法

力限振动试验可以缓解传统加速度控制振动试验在试验件共振频率处产生的振动“过试验”现象。计算力限条件是进行力限振动试验的前提。介绍了力限振动试验的基本原理,给出了计算力限条件的基本过程,采用二自由度系统模型详细推导了半经验系数的计算方法,基于此方法计算了某航天器有效载荷力限随机振动试验的力限条件。结果显示,该方法可合理确定力限振动试验的力限条件。     

基于不同模型的固体火箭发动机喷射物熔渣特性分析

固体火箭发动机喷射物中的熔渣是航天器防护和空间碎片风险评估关注的对象之一。文章首先介绍国外熔渣建模试验数据及理论模型,主要有NASA熔渣模型、MASTER2005熔渣子模型（以下简称MASTER模型）和麻省理工大学林肯实验室的MIT/LL熔渣模型;再利用NASA和MASTER模型分析熔渣尺寸-数量和质量特性。MASTER模型给出的熔渣数量和质量均低于NASA模型;且MASTER模型认为约91.8%的熔渣尺寸处于25～200 mm区间;尺寸大于250 mm的熔渣质量占熔渣总质量的88%,但其数量只占熔渣总数量的6.3%。以上研究结果为进一步分析熔渣对空间碎片环境的影响奠定了基础,对我国自主开展熔渣模型研究也有一定的参考价值。     

六杆机构四位置运动生成的解域综合理论与方法

针对Stephenson-Ⅱ型六杆机构四位置运动生成问题,给出基于布氏曲线的广义布氏曲线概念及其方程,同时给出解域综合方法。该方法首先求解出满足要求的解曲线,而后利用雅可比矩阵行列式值符号及机构运动连续性条件剔除解域中存在运动缺陷的机构,最后根据实际需求附加约束条件形成可行解域图。给出的综合示例验证了解域综合方法的可行性和有效性。该方法简单且便于编程实现,同时对其他多杆机构的综合也有参考借鉴意义。