绿色技术创新对企业成长绩效的影响——基于研发投入强度的调节作用

随着我国经济的高速发展,生态问题日渐凸显.通过技术创新处理好经济发展和生态效益的关系成为实现绿色发展的内在要求.本文利用94家创业板制造业上市公司2014-2017年的数据,采用广义最小二乘法对绿色技术创新、研发投入强度与企业成长绩效之间的关系进行实证分析,探讨了绿色技术创新对企业成长绩效的直接影响,并对研发投入强度的...     

A review of topology optimization for additive manufacturing: Status and challenges

Topology optimization was developed as an advanced structural design methodology to generate innovative lightweight and high-performance configurations that are difficult to obtain with conventional ideas. Additive manufacturing is an advanced manufacturing technique building as-designed structures via layer-by-layer joining material, providing an alternative pattern for complex components. The integration of topology optimization and additive manufacturing can make the most of their advantages and potentials, and has wide application prospects in modern manufacturing. This article reviews the main content and applications of the research on the integration of topology optimization and additive manufacturing in recent years, including multi-scale or hierarchical structural optimization design and topology optimization considering additive manufacturing constraints. Meanwhile, some challenges of structural design approaches for additive manufacturing are discussed, such as the performance characterization and scale effects of additively manufactured lattice structures, the anisotropy and fatigue performance of additively manufactured material, and additively manufactured functionally graded material issues, etc. It is shown that in the research of topology optimization for additive manufacturing, the integration of material, structure, process and performance is important to pursue high-performance, multi-functional and lightweight production. This article provides a reference for further related research and aerospace applications.     

基于学习自动机的雷达干扰资源分配研究

综合考虑干扰机干扰频率、干扰功率、干扰时机和干扰样式等干扰效果评估指标,构建干扰效益矩阵,建立目标函数,构建干扰资源分配博弈模型,并基于学习自动机原理提出了分布式干扰资源分配算法,求解出干扰分配决策。仿真结果表明,提出的分布式干扰资源分配算法能以很低的复杂度来获得很好的干扰性能,有效地解决了干扰资源分配问题,对实际作战指挥有一定的指导意义。     

基于PTE的多雷达航迹融合算法

针对杂波背景下的多雷达航迹融合时局部估计误差互协方差矩阵未知的问题,提出基于目标存在概率（PTE）的航迹融合算法,提升了正确航迹率和跟踪精度。首先,通过综合概率数据关联得到单接收站的目标航迹估计集合和对应的目标存在概率。然后,在局部估计误差互协方差矩阵未知的条件下,基于PTE信息提出不带记忆的综合广义凸组合航迹融合算法。进而将前一帧的融合状态进行反馈,提出带记忆的综合广义凸组合航迹融合算法。仿真验证了所提算法的有效性。     

预爆管式脉冲爆震原型机试验研究

为了实现多循环吸气式脉冲爆震发动机（PDE）在较短距离内缓燃向爆震的转捩,降低主爆管通过障碍物触发爆震的内部阻力损失,设计了预爆管和主爆管以同种混气（汽油/空气）为工作介质的两相PDE原型机,试验研究了爆震燃烧过程。研究表明：当预爆管出口扩张角度为45°时,可以实现爆震波在主爆管内向衍射面上、下游传播;设计的预爆管式PDE原型机可以实现最高频率为66.7 Hz的稳定间歇工作。     

一种基于李群方法的新型三维制导律设计

使用李群方法设计了一种新型三维制导律。在俯仰、偏航通道之间存在强耦合关系时,基于双通道解耦的假设构造三维制导律变得困难,而基于李群方法则可以在不进行通道解耦的条件下进行制导律设计。本文首先基于矢量建立了三维制导的一般运动学模型,在给出了矢量的SO(3)群描述之后,按照SO(3)群上的广义比例 微分(PD)控制方式进行了制导律设计。所得到的三维制导律既能用于目标机动的制导,也能用于有终端约束的制导。该制导律在二维平面的简化结果与传统比例导引的结果一致。最后用典型飞行轨迹仿真验证了其可行性和良好的性能。     

飞机大型蒙皮和壁板制造技术现状综述

大型蒙皮制造应首先解决设备问题,引进或自行研制先进的大型数控喷丸设备、大型热压罐、大型铺带机;在设备上完善大型蒙皮制造的硬件环境;在工艺方面积极开展相关工艺方法和成形材料的研究.     

一种用于破碎岩土的异型弹芯撞击响应分析

为探索射弹破岩方法,对一种截面为“风机叶片”式的异型弹芯的撞击原理进行了系统分析,在此基础上构建了其撞击过程的一维动力学响应模型,计算获得了该弹芯的运动变化特征参数,并讨论了关键结构参数对撞击特性的影响.结果表明：该弹芯撞击过程中头、尾速度之间为线性关系,近似满足伯努利方程;同时,减少头部内倾角,增加预制刻槽数目均有利于扩大对异型弹芯对岩体的横向破岩范围.     

基于正交设计的3-RPS并联机构精度分析与综合

为了分析3-RPS并联机构在整个工作空间内各个位姿参数对位姿误差的影响程度,并且使该机构在整个工作空间内都满足精度要求,利用正交设计的思想对该机构进行了精度分析与精度综合.根据正交设计的思想,把该机构的3个位姿参数看成对位姿误差有影响的3个因素,用位姿误差的极差值作为敏感系数,通过极差分析得到了位姿参数对位姿误差的影响程度.以敏感系数的比值为依据合理划分各个因素的水平数,使排列的正交表为精度综合提供更加合理的位姿,对表中的各个位姿进行精度综合,得到了给定精度要求下的21项几何原始误差的公差值.结果表明:用正交设计的思想可以分析清楚位姿参数对位姿误差的影响程度,精度综合结果使机构在整个工作空间内满足精度要求,为物理样机的研制提供了参考.      

Cosmic Ray Energetics And Mass for the International Space Station (ISS-CREAM)

The Cosmic Ray Energetics And Mass (CREAM) instrument is configured with a suite of particle detectors to measure TeV cosmic-ray elemental spectra from protons to iron nuclei over a wide energy range. The goal is to extend direct measurements of cosmic-ray composition to the highest energies practical, and thereby have enough overlap with ground based indirect measurements to answer questions on cosmic-ray origin, acceleration and propagation. The balloon-borne CREAM was flown successfully for about 161 days in six flights over Antarctica to measure elemental spectra of Z = 1–26 nuclei over the energy range 10¹⁰ to >10¹⁴ eV. Transforming the balloon instrument into ISS-CREAM involves identification and replacement of components that would be at risk in the International Space Station (ISS) environment, in addition to assessing safety and mission assurance concerns. The transformation process includes rigorous testing of components to reduce risks and increase survivability on the launch vehicle and operations on the ISS without negatively impacting the heritage of the successful CREAM design. The project status, including results from the ongoing analysis of existing data and, particularly, plans to increase the exposure factor by another order of magnitude utilizing the International Space Station are presented.