超视距雷达探测高超声速飞行器可行性分析

在前期开展再入飞行器RCS（雷达散射截面）特性试验和理论研究的基础上,对典型临近空间高超声速飞行器RCS特性开展了研究,分析了绕流和尾迹对飞行器本体RCS特性的影响。研究表明等离子体流场在头身部绕流、近尾尾迹和部分远尾尾迹的最大电子密度将远高于电离层最高电子密度,更高于典型天波超视距雷达工作频段对应的临界电子密度。因而等离子体尾迹将会对3~30 MHz频段电磁波产生较强的散射,使得等离子体尾迹的RCS远远大于飞行器本体的RCS。利用临近空间高超声速飞行器尾迹RCS的这一特点,有可能实现对临近空间高超声速飞行器的超视距探测。     

热防护系统分区协调耦合推进方法

提出一种适用于热防护系统(TPS)热控性能研究的分区协调耦合推进方法,其中采用有限体积法(FVM)进行气动热分析,FVM空间离散采用NND格式,而结构传热采用有限元法(FEM)进行分析,且在耦合面采用基于控制面的双向映射插值方法进行数据传递。进行了圆管算例分析,2 s时刻驻点处温度计算值与试验值相对误差为4.95%。研究了空天飞行器头锥TPS的热控性能,非耦合方法获得的防热瓦和应变隔离垫(SIP)最高温度分别比耦合结果高114.4 K和32.6 K,这是由于非耦合方法未考虑壁面温度升高对气动热的反馈作用,而耦合方法充分考虑了此影响。采用高热辐射率的涂层、低导热系数和较厚的防热瓦能有效提高热防护系统的隔热性能和降低主动冷却系统的功率和重量,而防热瓦最高温度对其导热系数和厚度不敏感。     

空间构架式可展天线研究进展与展望

概括了构架式可展天线的发展状况,综述了构架式天线在网格划分、结构设计、构型综合、形面精度与可靠性、刚柔多体动力学及展开可控等若干基本问题,详述了构架式可展天线在机械、力学、控制等科技领域的具体研究进展。并总结了构架式可展天线在航天领域需进一步考虑的科学问题及未来的发展方向。     

考虑螺纹细节的螺栓预紧过程仿真分析研究

采用考虑螺纹细节的有限元模型对螺栓预紧过程进行仿真分析。研究了摩擦系数、支撑结构材料对螺栓扭矩系数、受力变形和螺纹扣的受力分配的影响。提出了根据螺栓变形计算螺栓相对刚度系数的方法。与传统的理论和经验结果对比表明,基于该精确模型的仿真能准确反映螺栓预紧过程,提高螺栓预紧力设计和强度校核准确度,为实现复杂连接结构螺栓预紧力精确设计和验证提供了有效解决途径。     

拦截大气层内机动目标的自适应积分滑模制导律

针对大气层内机动目标拦截的末制导问题,提出了一种自适应积分滑模制导律。基于抑制弹目视线旋转的原则,设计了一种视线转率收敛速率可调的跟踪剖面,选取跟踪误差与其积分为状态变量,采用状态有限时间收敛的积分滑模面与快速趋近律推导得到了积分滑模制导律。为了处理未知的目标机动项,提出了一种自适应算法,对目标机动项上界的平方进行估计,构成了自适应积分滑模制导律,并证明了其有限时间收敛的特性,给出了各状态变量的收敛域。最后,将制导律转换成适用于大气层内拦截的形式。仿真结果表明,所提制导律能够精确拦截机动目标,剖面跟踪误差收敛速度快,过载分布均匀,能量消耗少,并具有良好的噪声特性,易于工程实现。     

涡扇发动机多动力学建模方法

考虑涡扇发动机转子部件的惯性、容腔中质量与能量的堆积效应和高低温部件间的热交换,依据转子动力学、容积动力学及热力学建立涡扇发动机部件级非线性动态数学模型。通过求解质量、动量和能量的一阶微分方程,获得发动机典型截面处的性能参数。该模型能够反映涡扇发动机温度、压力、转速等12个关键参数的动态特性,避免传统转子动力学迭代模型的迭代求解,提高了模型实时性。模型输出与试验数据对比结果表明,其稳态误差小于1.6%,最大动态误差小于5%,单次流路计算平均耗时为0.009 ms。     

Effect of W addition on phase transformation and microstructure of powder metallurgic Ti-22Al-25Nb alloys during quenching and furnace cooling

Powder metallurgic Ti2 AlNb alloys with W addition are sintered at 900, 1000, 1070 °C,and 1150 °C(i.e., in the O + B2, a_2+ B2 + O, a_2+ B2, and single B2 phase regions, respectively)for 12 h, followed by water quenching and furnace cooling. Comparisons of phase and microstructure between quenched and furnace-cooled W-modified alloys are carried out to illustrate the phase transformation and microstructure evolution during the cooling process. Furthermore, a comparison is also made between W-modified and W-free alloys, to reveal the function of the W alloying.W addition accelerates the solutions of a_2 and O phases during the high-temperature holding, and a Widmannsta¨tten B2 + O structure, which contributes to the properties, is induced by furnace cooling from all the phase regions. The Widmannsta¨tten structure includes a B2 matrix, primary O, and secondary O precipitates. However, W alloying refines the Widmannsta¨tten structure only when the alloys are solution-treated and then cooled from the single B2 phase. Although the hardness of the W-modified alloys is lower than that of the W-free alloys sintered in the same phase region, an enhancement of hardness, 489 ± 18 HV, is obtained in the alloy solution-treated in the single B2 phase region for only 0.5 h.     

A survey on numerical simulations of drag and heat reduction mechanism in supersonic/hypersonic flows

Along with the survey on experimental investigations drawing attention to the drag and heat reduction mechanism, the authors simultaneously focus on the recent advances of numerical simulations on the schemes applied to supersonic/hypersonic vehicles. The CFD study has evolved as an irreplaceable method in scheme evaluation and aircraft optimization. Similar to our previous experimental survey, the advances in drag and heat reduction schemes are reviewed by similar kinds of mechanism in this article, namely the forward-facing cavity, the opposing jet, the aerospike, the energy deposition and their combinational configurations. This review article puts an emphatic eye on the flow conditions, numerical methods, novel schemes and analytical conclusions given in the simulations. Further, the multi-objective design optimization concept has also been illustrated due to the observable advantages of using CFD over experimental method, especially those performances conducted in drag reduction and thermal protection practice, and this would possess reference value in the design of aircraft system.     

Event-triggered adaptive control for attitude tracking of spacecraft

Plug-and-play technology is an important direction for future development of spacecraft and how to design controllers with less communication burden and satisfactory performance is of great importance for plug-and-play spacecraft. Considering attitude tracking of such spacecraft with unknown inertial parameters and unknown disturbances, an event-triggered adaptive backstepping controller is designed in this paper. Particularly, a switching threshold strategy is employed to design the event-triggering mechanism. By introducing a new linear time-varying model, a smooth function, an integrable auxiliary signal and a bound estimation approach, the impacts of the network-induced error and the disturbances are effectively compensated for and Zeno phenomenon is successfully avoided. It is shown that all signals of the closed-loop system are globally uniformly bounded and both the attitude tracking error and the angular velocity tracking error converge to zero. Compared with conventional control schemes, the proposed scheme significantly reduces the communication burden while providing stable and accurate response for attitude maneuvers. Simulation results are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.     

滑行段低温推进剂流动及换热特性对气枕压力的影响研究

运载火箭在飞行过程中需要进行姿态调整以满足入轨要求,贮箱内推进剂在外界干扰力的作用下将发生晃动,由此引入了诸如气液接触面积、蒸发、冷凝过程及推进剂流动变化等不确定影响因素。实际飞行过程尤其是进入滑行段的初始推进剂晃动对贮箱内气枕压力及推进剂流动行为具有重要影响。在调研国内外运载火箭末级飞行过程中低温贮箱压力及推进剂流动特性的基础上,建立仿真模型,采用流体体积函数方法(VOF)分析滑行段推进剂流动特性变化对贮箱气枕压力的影响。