Progress in Space Material Researches

New progress in the post researches on space grown materials, the development of experiment facilities, and the experiment techniques for space materials researches were introduced. Besides the conventional materials, such as alloys, semiconductors, and optical crystals, new materials have also been prepared on the ground.     

面向对象开发方法的单元测试研究

简要介绍了面向对象开发方法的单元测试面临的特殊性问题并进行分析，探讨了面向对象单元测试采取的策略和测试用例的设计方法，最后对面向对象单元测试的充分性问题进行了讨论。     

喷管扩散段型面对固体发动机性能的影响

通过计算喷管二维两相流和边界层比冲损失,研究了喷管扩散段型面对其性能的影响。研究结果表明：在喷管扩散段长度一定的情况下,膨胀比有一最佳值,超过该值,喷管性能反而下降;在膨胀比一定的情况下,在一定长度范围内喷管越长,其性能越高。从而得出,为使综合性能达到最佳,在一定膨胀比下喷管扩散段长度应取喷管出口直径的1～1．25倍。该结论可供设计人员参考。     

仿生正弦前缘对翼面动态失速的影响

动态失速导致叶片气动载荷急剧变化，造成振动载荷激增，桨叶寿命大幅衰减。针对动态失速问题，从座头鲸胸鳍在动态倾转下取得良好的流动特性获得启示，据此模化出仿生正弦前缘翼面（包含3种波峰和2种波长），旨在实现动态失速控制。借助三维非定常数值模拟方法，采用运动网格技术，基于SC1095旋翼翼型，研究了仿生前缘动态失速流动控制机理及运动参数和来流速度的影响。结果表明：正弦前缘大幅度降低俯仰力矩系数峰值和阻力系数峰值；前缘波峰越大、波长越小，阻力系数峰值与俯仰力矩系数峰值的抑制效果越明显，虽然升力系数峰值减小，但其减小量远小于前两者，例如其中一种仿生翼使俯仰力矩系数峰值减小了47.7%，阻力系数峰值减小了36.4%，升力系数峰值减小14.1%；在最大迎角附近，正弦前缘能够缓和失速特性，使载荷变化更为平缓；在高平均迎角、低俯仰频率、低马赫数下，仿生翼动态失速控制效果更强，相比较而言迎角振幅的影响较小。     

基于动态补偿的多电机控制算法

多电机协调控制达到转速一致是电机控制中的一个关键难题，外加负载变动和电机参数变化时会引起电机性能的下降，达不到良好的控制效果。为使电机间保持转速同步，建立了永磁同步电机d-q坐标系下的矢量控制数学模型，基于转速跟随控制，提出一种基于单神经元PID的变增益速度补偿器进行偏差耦合控制。在MATLAB/Simulink建立了3台永磁同步电机的仿真模型。仿真结果表明，与传统PID固定增益速度补偿器算法相比，单神经元PID的变增益速度补偿器具有更强的鲁棒性以及更快的收敛性。     

Characterization of ionospheric amplitude scintillations using wavelet entropy detrended GNSS data

The extensive monitoring networks of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) ionospheric scintillation have been established to continuously log observation data. Further, the amplitude scintillation index and the phase scintillation index, which are derived from scintillation observations, are anticipated to accommodate the accuracy requirement of both the user level and the monitoring station level. However, raw scintillation observations essentially measure superposed waveform impairments of GNSS signals propagating through ionosphere and troposphere. It implies that fluctuations of raw scintillation observations are caused by multiple factors from the entire radio propagation environment. Hence, it is crucial to characterize ionospheric scintillations from GNSS observation data. And the characterization is implemented through extracting fluctuations of raw observations merely induced by ionospheric scintillations. Designed to address this problem by means of Fourier filtering detrending, the present work investigates the influence of varying detrending cutoff frequencies on wavelet statistical energy and wavelet entropy distributions of scintillation data. It consequently derives criteria on the optimum detrending cutoff frequency for three types of raw amplitude scintillation data, which are classified by their wavelet energy distributions. Results of the present work verify that detrending with specific optimum cutoff frequencies rather than the fixed and universally applicable one renders the validity and credibility of characterizing ionospheric scintillations as the part of GNSS observation fluctuations purely induced by ionosphere electron density irregularities whose scale sizes are comparable with or smaller than the Fresnel scale.     

C/C复合材料喷管烧蚀壁面退移流固耦合仿真研究

为了保障固体火箭发动机C/C喷管的可靠性,建立了一套正确反映发动机喷管烧蚀过程的流固耦合计算模型,以实现对喷管烧蚀率的高精度预估。依据热化学烧蚀理论以及喷管内燃气与喷管结构体界面的质量平衡和能量平衡关系,建立并验证了考虑壁面退移的C/C喷管流固耦合方法,实现了燃气流动、异相化学反应、结构体传热三者间的耦合。通过实验发动机喷管的烧蚀计算,论证了模型的正确性,并分析了不同金属铝含量对烧蚀率的影响,计算所得的烧蚀率与实验值最大相对误差为4.3%,与不考虑壁面退移的耦合算法计算结果对比,计算精度最高可提升46%。计算结果表明：C/C喷管在喉部附近烧蚀最为严重;推进剂中Al含量的增加导致燃气中氧化组分浓度降低,进而减少了烧蚀速率,这些结论与C/C喷管烧蚀相关研究结果一致。     

Plane wave spectrum and boresight error of radome-enclosed antennas

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Radiative properties of alumina/aluminum particles and influence on radiative heat transfer in solid rocket motor

The thermal radiation of micron-sized condensed phase particles plays a dominant role during the heat transfer process in aluminized Solid Rocket Motors（SRMs）. Open research mainly focuses on the radiative properties of alumina particles while the study considering the presence of aluminum is lacking. In addition, the thermal radiation inside the SRM with consideration of the participating particles is seldom studied. In this work, the multiscale method of predicting the thermal environment insi...