吸气式高速飞行器爬升-巡航轨迹在线优化

针对吸气式高速飞行器的大气层内爬升和巡航飞行段,进行了在线轨迹优化设计。与传统的爬升段结合定高定速巡航轨迹形式不同,采用优化的方法得到的轨迹能够保证性能指标的最优性。首先,将轨迹优化问题建模为非线性最优控制问题,控制量包括攻角、倾侧角以及燃油当量比。然后,对问题的非线性进行了处理,将变量进行离散化,得到凸优化问题。分析了飞行器的气动和推力特性,设计了优化变量的初始参考。最后,设计算法的外环迭代策略,将每一次求得的解作为参考轨迹进行下一次迭代计算。数值仿真结果表明,该方法能够解决吸气式高速飞行器爬升巡航段轨迹优化问题,并且求解时间满足在线轨迹优化要求。     

Recent Developments on Damage and Fracture of Thin-Walled Complex Components Produced by Spinning

The spinning technique has been widely used in the manufacture of aerospace thin-walled axisymmetric components because of its excellent formability. Damage and fracture, as the important defects that often occur and must be avoided in the forming and service stages of components, have attracted much attention of researchers. In this paper, the fracture behavior and laws of spinning components such as conical parts, tubular parts, and components with inner ribs are summarized, the typical coupled and uncoupled ductile fracture models are introduced, and their applications in spinning are analyzed. Meanwhile, the recent developments on the modified ductile fracture model in analyzing damage and fracture mechanisms of spinning are emphatically introduced. The results could provide guidance for the selection and establishment of appropriate ductile fracture models in the finite element simulation for the accurate prediction and analysis of fracture moment, location, form, damage mechanism, and evolution law, and help the development of precision spinning techniques for high-performance thin-walled complex components.     

镁合金新材料及制备加工新技术发展与应用

镁合金是国际公认的最有潜力的轻量化材料之一,被誉为“21世纪绿色工程金属”,其突出的结构减重效果有望解决我国关键装备和重大工程中迫切的轻量化问题。本文综述了近年来镁合金新材料的发展、镁合金制备加工新技术进展以及镁合金的应用发展现状,对当前镁合金领域存在的缺点进行了总结,并对镁合金未来发展重点及主要任务进行了展望。     

不规则小行星附着可达区生成方法

针对不规则小行星表面附着任务需求,提出了一种基于动态邻域搜索的可达区生成方法。首先,建立了可达区数学模型,并采用质心距映射函数对非定点附着的终端位置约束进行了处理。在此基础上,将可达区的优化问题转化为附着基准点计算、边界起始点计算和边界点搜索三个子问题。针对附着基准点与边界起始点,分别通过最小燃耗轨迹优化与极限燃耗轨迹优化求解;针对边界点,设计了导向式动态邻域搜索方法,将复杂的非定点着陆优化问题简化为定点着陆燃耗优化与边界插值。最后,以小行星433 Eros为对象,对所提出的可达区生成方法进行了仿真。结果表明,该方法能够生成不规则小行星表面的可达区,具有较高的搜索求解效率,并适用于不同的初始位置和燃耗条件。     

Investigation on Thermal and Dimensional Stability of Epoxy Resin In-Situ Modified by Cyanate Ester Resin and Polydimethylsiloxane

The thermal and dimensional stability of epoxy resin (EP) in-situ modified by cyanate ester (CE) and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) are investigated by means of experiments and numerical simulation. Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) are used to analyze the heat resistance of the modified EP. The dimensional stability is characterized by the volume shrinkage of the series PDMS/CE/EP obtained by the density method. The chemical structure of the PDMS/CE/EP is analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The results of TGA and DSC indicate that the thermal stability of PDMS/CE/EP decreases firstly and then increases with the increase in the amount of CE. The addition of PDMS shows a slight effect on the thermal stability. The 40% CE makes the blending system exhibit the lowest initial decomposition temperature, which reduces by 15.5% and 40.8% compared with pure EP and CE, respectively. The FTIR results suggested that the influence of CE on the thermal stability of the modified EP is mainly ascribed to the generation of oxazolidinone ring with low thermal stability and the increase in the triazine ring with high thermal stability. The volume shrinkage measurement results show that the introduction of CE and PDMS are both beneficial to the improvement of the dimensional stability of the blending systems. The in-situ addition of 80% CE shows the lowest volume shrinkage of 6.11%. The thermal stress distribution of PDMS/CE/EP generated during the solidification process is simulated by the finite element analysis. The results suggested that the introduction of 80% CE into EP results in the lowest thermal stress in the blending system, which indicates that the system has the lowest volume shrinkage, which agrees well with the experimental results.     

小型化催化重整煤油燃气发生器的数值模拟

催化重整燃气发生器是在线产生氢气的有效途径,有助于碳氢燃料超燃冲压发动机的着火和燃烧.通过对新设计的小型化燃气发生器乳化煤油的燃烧及催化重整进行数值模拟,在计算结果和试验数据吻合基础上,分析了出口燃气的总体状态和影响催化重整各参数的变化规律,确定了研究涉及到的参数范围内的最佳工况点,并揭示了内部的燃烧状态和一些难测量成分含量变化趋势,从而进一步指导设计和试验.      

具有输入约束的飞机姿态L1自适应控制

针对具有模型不确定性、控制舵面故障以及非线性干扰的飞机俯仰姿态控制问题,基于L1自适应方法设计增广控制器。设计合适带宽的低通滤波器,以满足控制器快速自适应要求,保证系统输入输出信号的一致性能有界。考虑伺服控制实际存在的幅值约束,推导出所设计的自适应控制系统的稳定性条件及其性能界,即忽略幅值约束时,选择足够大的自适应增益,闭环系统性能能够任意接近参考系统;考虑幅值约束时,闭环系统的性能可以通过增大自适应增益得以改善,但是不能任意接近参考系统。仿真验证了所设计的飞机姿态控制系统的有效性,结果表明控制器对有界不确定性和干扰具有鲁棒性,同时满足输入约束要求。     

任务教学法在Protel 99 se课程教学中的应用

任务教学法是一种以学生为中心,以任务为驱动的教学方法,它适用于实践性很强的prote199se课程.在一个个任务完成后,激发了学生自主学习的积极性,使学生在实践中学会了各种命令的使用,掌握了技巧,从而可以取得满意的教学效果.     

CFD和MDO技术在乘波飞行器设计中的应用综述

乘波飞行器由于其具有高升阻比特性而成为国内外高超声速飞行器研究的热点。介绍了乘波飞行器的研究进展,在此基础上阐述了乘波飞行器设计对先进设计技术的需求。重点讨论了计算流体力学（CFD）技术和多学科设计优化（MDO）理论与方法在乘波飞行器设计中的应用现状。提出了今后应重点对高超声速飞行条件下乘波飞行器的动态气动特性进行全面的数值模拟研究．大力开展包含可靠性和经济性分析的乘波飞行器多目标多学科设计优化研究。随着MDO方法在乘波飞行器设计中的深入应用,CFD必将发挥更大的作用,共同促进乘波飞行器的快速发展。     

大弹体动态滞后末端区制导系统优化设计

弹体动态滞后较大导致制导系统在末端区稳定性变差、失稳时间提前、失稳距离变大是比例导引性能不佳的主要原因。针对此问题,研究了引入视线角加速度补偿的扩展比例导引系统优化设计问题。基于速度式线性化弹目运动学模型和制导系统动力学特性,按照最优补偿条件给出了制导参数取值方法。仿真研究表明,优化的扩展比例导引显著改善了大动态滞后弹体条件下制导系统在末端区的稳定性,使得失稳时间推后,脱靶量明显减少。