Kalman弹道滤波器的快速收敛性研究

在弹道修正过程中,需根据一段实测弹道参数,准确地估算常规弹箭的飞行弹道。工程中,常应用Kalman滤波方法,结合质点弹道模型建立六状态滤波弹道模型。速度初值估计的准确性,是对滤波过程造成影响的主要因素。为改善这一状况,采用多项式拟合用以对速度状态进行估计并以此作为滤波初始值。在此种估计下滤波,速度滤波过程可快速收敛,位置滤波过程收敛速度大幅度提高,可使最优弹道诸元参数获取时间缩短30%。     

随钻用光纤陀螺惯导系统振动误差建模与辨识

随钻振动工作环境下,针对惯导系统传统的线性器件误差模型不能适用于线振动工作环境的问题,提出了适用于振动条件下的高阶器件误差模型。通过分析二次项误差在静止与振动状态下的误差传播特性,得出加速度计二次项误差为线振动中主要误差项,建立包含加速度计二次项误差的36阶Kalman滤波器。与传统33阶误差模型相比,36阶误差模型可以有效分离和辨识器件误差。最后,在线振动状态下进行导航验证。结果表明,补偿了二次项误差之后的导航误差得到了大幅优化,速度误差由50m/s减小至2.2m/s,位置误差由90000m减小至2000m,姿态误差由0.7°减小至0.01°。     

光纤陀螺多通道并行自动测试工艺技术

针对光纤陀螺测试过程中,测试项目多、步骤复杂、测试时间长、人为记录数据容易出错等问题,在分析测试内容的基础上提出多通道并行测试方案,设计测试工装、电缆、电路等硬件系统,开发相应的测试软件。与单只光纤陀螺测试方法相比,能够有效地减少光纤陀螺的测试时间,提高测试效率。     

基于电动汽车驱动用无刷直流电机控制仿真

通过研究电动汽车中无刷直流电机(BLDCM)负载运行时电机的性能与负载之间的密切关系,针对BLDCM调速应用,提出了一种改进广义预测控制的算法。通过对仿真模型中的BLDCM的数学模型分析,建立BLDCM的控制系统并进行仿真研究。仿真结果表明:当采用改进广义预测算法,与以往的PID控制算法相比,BLDCM的负载稳态精度以及最大转速波动都得到明显的改善,具有响应快、控制精度高,电机负载抗干扰能力强等特点,BLDCM可满足电动汽车行驶中BLDCM运行的要求。     

基于VBA的Maxwell二次开发在无刷交流励磁机电磁计算中的应用

针对无刷交流励磁机复杂的结构特点,将Maxwell 16.0作为开发平台,使用Visual Basic for Application(VBA)程序开发语言,对该电机的建模、添加材料、施加激励、剖分以及后处理进行二次开发。对无刷交流励磁机建模中的定子绕组、磁极、转子槽、电枢绕组实现参数化,具有一键求解、自动剖分和后处理的自动出图等功能。基于Excel的开发平台,设计可视化界面,加强人机的信息交互,减少重复性的步骤,提高设计人员的效率,缩短电机的设计周期。     

大功率UVLED分布式驱动技术研究

以工业印刷过程中UVLED固化为应用背景,研究并设计了一种UVLED驱动控制系统。分析了采用分布式驱动的优势,确定了驱动电源采用两级驱动结构,包括前端AC/DC恒压模块和后端DC/DC恒流模块。对该系统的驱动电源模块进行了试验测试和结果分析,试验结果验证了该UVLED驱动控制系统的可行性。     

动力涡轮导叶可调的三轴式船用燃气轮机动态实时仿真

鉴于传统的燃气轮机建模方法用于动力涡轮导叶可调的三轴式船用燃气轮机动态实时仿真时具有一定局限性,提出了一种新型的基于径向基函数(Radical basis function,RBF)的神经网络与部件法(Component modeling method,CMM)的复合建模方法 (HMRC)。该方法针对该型燃气轮机的结构和总体性能特点,合理地选取了样本点以减小样本规模。通过神经网络与部件法分别计算燃气发生器与动力涡轮相关参数,采用MATLAB/SIMULINK仿真软件建立实时仿真模型。与传统的部件法建立起来的仿真模型对比,新方法计算结果与部件法吻合度高,误差低于1%,同时模型的实时性得到了大幅提升,计算速度约为部件法的7倍。     

Twistor-based synchronous sliding mode control of spacecraft attitude and position

A synchronous control of relative attitude and position is required in separated ultra-quiet spacecraft, such as drag-free, disturbance-free, and distributed spacecraft. Thus, a twistor-based synchronous sliding mode control is investigated in this paper to solve the control problem of relative attitude and position among separated spacecraft modules. The twistor-based control design and the stability proof are implemented using the Modified Rodrigues Parameter (MRP). To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed control method, this paper presents a case study of separated spacecraft flying control considering the mass uncertainty and external disturbances. In addition, a simulation study of the Proportional-Derivative (PD) control is also presented for comparison. The results indicate that the twistor-based sliding mode controller can ensure global asymptotic stability. The states converge fast with ultra-precision and ultra-stability in both the attitude and position. Moreover, the proposed twistor-based sliding mode control system is robust to the mass uncertainty and external disturbances.     

An adaptive fast fixed-time guidance law with an impact angle constraint for intercepting maneuvering targets

Sliding mode guidance laws based on a conventional terminal sliding mode guarantees only finite-time convergence, which verifies that the settling time is required to be estimated by selecting appropriate initial launched conditions. However, rapid convergence to a desired impact angle within a uniform bounded finite time is important in most practical guidance applications. A uniformly finite-time/fixed-time convergent guidance law means that the convergence (settling) time is predefined independently on initial conditions, that is, a closed-loop convergence time can be estimated a priori by guidance parameters. In this paper, a novel adaptive fast fixed-time sliding mode guidance law to intercept maneuver targets at a desired impact angle from any initial heading angle, with no problems of singularity and chattering, is designed. The proposed guidance law achieves system stabilization within bounded settling time independent on initial conditions and achieves more rapid convergence than those of fixed-time stable control methods by accelerating the convergence rate when the system is close to the origin. The achieved acceleration-magnitude constraints are rigorously enforced, and the chattering-free property is guaranteed by adaptive switching gains. Extensive numerical simulations are presented to validate the efficiency and superiority of the proposed guidance law for different initial engagement geometries and impact angles.     

形状记忆合金变刚度结构振动控制仿真研究

为了实现Ti50Ni41Cu9形状记忆合金(SMA)用于复杂结构振动控制的动力学分析,掌握变刚度振动控制的机理和控制规律,基于Kelvin-Voigt粘弹性本构关系,建立了适用于动力学分析的SMA本构模型,并通过ABAQUS编写材料本构程序,形成有效的SMA结构动力学有限元仿真方法,实现了多参数影响下SMA结构的非线性稳态和瞬态动力学仿真计算。计算结果表明:SMA的宏观本构模型能够较好地反映材料动力学性能的变化特征,编制的UMAT子程序与试验数据吻合较好;变刚度控制可以有效降低定频激励引起的稳态响应,对于悬臂板结构响应降幅在40%以上;控制速率与响应的最终变化程度无关,但会引起系统非线性特征,从而影响控制过程需要的时间;采用对向变刚度控制可以降低跨越主频的瞬态振动响应,变温速率越快,系统的峰值响应越小,快速变温时会产生自发频带现象,其对主频能量有显著分散作用,可以一定程度上抑制最大响应峰值。