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961.
D R Morrison M L Lewis G H Barlow P Todd M E Kunze B E Sarnoff Z Li 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》1984,4(5):77-79
Suspensions of cultured primary human embryonic kidney cells were subjected to continuous flow electrophoresis on Space Shuttle flight STS-8. The objectives of the experiments were to obtain electrophoretically separated fractions of the original cell populations and to test these fractions for the amount and kind of urokinase (a kidney plasminogen activator that is used medically for digesting blood clots), the morphologies of cells in the individual fractions, and their cellular electrophoretic mobilities after separation and subsequent proliferation. Individual fractions were successfully cultured after return from orbit, and they were found to differ substantially from one another and from the starting sample with respect to all of these properties. 相似文献
962.
Statistical and operational results of extensive government field-testing of the Rockwell-Collins Global Positioning System (GPS) units are summarized. The equipment has exhibited better than 16-m spherical-error probable-position accuracy in over 6300 hours of testing conducted during the past two years. One-channel, two-channel, and five-channel receivers were subjected to thorough evaluation. Their respective signal-processing and data-processing architectures are described. Data highlighting dynamic position accuracy, static position accuracy, acquisition times, and field reliability are presented. GPS equipment integration and operation with nine different host vehicles is described. The results of mission scenarios, such as area navigation, rendezvous, and weapon delivery, are presented 相似文献
963.
H. Wiedemeier R.C. Whiteside 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》1984,4(5):1
Previous chemical vapor transport experiments of the GeSe-GeI4 system performed under reduced gravity conditions /1/ yielded crystals of considerably improved surface and bulk morphology. In addition, the mass transport rates observed in microgravity environment were significantly greater than predicted. A quantitative thermodynamic analysis of the solid-gas phase reactions of the GeSe-GeI4 system revealed the multi-component, multi-reaction nature of the vapor phase /2/. Continued transport studies on ground of the GeSe-GeI4 system in the presence of inert gases provided experimental evidence for the existence of a boundary layer /2/ and its thickness dependence on GeI4 pressure in closed tube systems. Systematic transport rate measurements for different orientations of the density gradient relative to the gravity vector demonstrated the effects of ampoule inclination on mass flux /3/. Based on a computational model for simultaneous chemical vapor transport, sublimation, and Stefan flow /3/, the excellent agreement of predicted with ground-based experimental mass transport rates over wide pressure ranges /3/ confirmed the validity of the model and the discrepancy between observed and expected transport rates of the GeSe-GeI4 system in microgravity. 相似文献
964.
W. Singer J. Bremer J. Taubenheim 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》1984,4(1):79-85
Data on day-time and night-time radio wave absorption in the frequency range 50 to 2614 kHz, obtained in long-term observational programmes in Central Europe, are compared with corresponding absorption values calculated from electron density profiles of the International Reference Ionosphere (IRI-1979) using the full-wave method.Discrepancies between calculated and observed absorption values were found for the diurnal and the solar-cycle variation, the amplitudes of the solar-cycle variation of absorption being considerably larger than the observed variation.A modification of the solar-activity dependence of the D-region electron density parameters is derived, which provides an improvement of the solar-cycle variation as well as the diurnal variation of the IRI electron density profiles. 相似文献
965.
Paul R. Weissman Hugh H. Kieffer 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》1984,4(9):221-224
The comet thermal model of Weissman and Kieffer is used to calculate gas production rates and other parameters for the 1986 perihelion passage of Halley's Comet. Gas production estimates are very close to revised pre-perihelion estimates by Newburn based on 1910 observations of Halley; the increase in observed gas production post-perihelion may be explained by a variety of factors. The energy contribution from multiply scattered sunlight and thermal emission by coma dust increases the total energy reaching the Halley nucleus at perihelion by a factor of 2.4. The high obliquity of the Halley nucleus found by Sekanina and Larson may help to explain the asymmetry in Halley's gas production rates around perihelion. 相似文献
966.
W Heinrich E V Benton B Wiegel G Rusch E Becker 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》1994,14(10):969-977
Radiation effects of cosmic ray nuclei are generally described as a function of the particle LET. For a large number of space missions LET spectra have been measured and models have been developed to calculate these spectra that include the effects of geomagnetic shielding and shielding provided by material. In this paper we compare measured and calculated LET spectra. For low earth orbits events with high local energy deposition, i.e., short range secondaries, contribute significantly to the measured spectra. These events are produced by nuclear interactions, mainly induced by protons from the south atlantic anomaly. The technique to include these contributions in the models depends on the size of radiation sensitive volumes. For sizes comparable to or larger than the range of target secondaries it is essential to separate contributions by target interactions from those of cosmic rays. This separation is possible in experiments which use stacks of plastic nuclear track detectors. The yield of short range events generated by protons and measured in the detector can be calibrated from accelerator experimental data. We present first results for CR-39 detectors. 相似文献
967.
K. Clausen H. Sainct 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》1994,14(12):189-195
The mission of the Huygens Probe is to enter into the Titan atmosphere and to descend in a controlled manner to the surface such that scientific measurements can be taken and transmitted to earth via the Orbiter. The entry is the most challenging phase of the mission. The deceleration is achieved by an aeroshell. Thermal protection against entry heat fluxes is achieved by an ablator rejecting heat mainly by radiation. The descent profile in terms of descent velocity, spin rate and attitude stability is designed to allow imaging, sampling and measurements at the various atmospheric layers within the overall time and energy constraints. The Huygens system has to operate in an autonomous and fault tolerant manner, as no ground control and failure recovery during the descent phase is feasible. This autonomy and fault tolerance is the main driver for the chosen architecture of the on-board system. 相似文献
968.
N. Junkes W. Pietsch G. Hensler 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》1993,13(12):323-326
We present results from ROSAT observations of NGC 1808 and NGC 2903. Exposures of 10 ksec each with the PSPC detector show X-ray sources at the central positions of both galaxies which are classified as nuclear starburst galaxies. Both targets, NGC 1808 and NGC 2903 appear slightly extended in X-ray maps in the energy band 0.1–2.4 keV. The X-ray spectrum of NGC 1808 shows almost complete absorption below 0.5 keV, indicating an extremely high hydrogen column density towards that source (NH ≈ 8 × 1021cm−2 resulting from model fits on the PSPC spectrum). In case of NGC 2903, the number of counts in the ROSAT band is significantly lower than expected from a previous EINSTEIN investigation of the source. 相似文献
969.
A chirp scaling approach for processing squint mode SAR data 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Davidson G.W. Cumming I.G. Ito M.R. 《IEEE transactions on aerospace and electronic systems》1996,32(1):121-133
Image formation from squint mode synthetic aperture radar (SAR) is limited by image degradations caused by neglecting the range-variant filtering required by secondary range compression (SRC). Introduced here is a nonlinear FM chirp scaling, an extension of the chirp scaling algorithm, as an efficient and accurate approach to range variant SRC. Two methods of implementing the approach are described. The nonlinear FM filtering method is more accurate but adds a filtering step to the chirp scaling algorithm, although the extra computation is less than that of a time domain residual compression filter. The nonlinear FM pulse method consists of changing the phase modulation of the transmitted pulse, thus avoiding an increase in computation. Simulations show both methods significantly improve resolution width and sidelobe level, compared with existing SAR processors for squint angles above 10 deg for L-band and 20 deg for C-band 相似文献
970.
The available data describing the incompressible zero-pressure-gradient boundary layer are reviewed in association with a range of studies which are either new or, to date, not very generally available. The new data cover a Reynolds number range 2.5 < Reδ2 × 10−3 < 58 and include measurements of all three turbulence perlurbations and the Reynolds shear stress. They are assessed in relation to data in the range 0.4 < Reδ2 × 10−3 < 211 using established scaling laws. In common with other investigators we find that while scaling the mean flow leads to a high degree of apparent similarity, scaling of the turbulence quantities is in general not so satisfactory. 相似文献