2004年世界航天运载业分析

2004年是自1961年以来世界航天运载业最为不景气的一年。全世界仅进行54次航天发射,其中有15次商业性发射,占总发射次数的28％。2004年同时又是中国航天发射次数最多的一年,有8次发射,成功地运载了10个有效载荷。美国进行6次商业性发射,俄罗斯5次,海上发射公司3次,阿里安航天公司1次。美国占40％的商业发射市场份额,俄罗斯占33％,海射公司占20％,阿里安航天公司占7％。我国、日本、印度和以色列在2004年都没有进行商业发射。     

反战术弹道导弹引信炸点控制算法研究

本文推导了ATBM寻的引信最佳炸点控制算法，及使用定向战斗部时所需的弹体坐标系中的脱靶方位，其中对应于最佳炸点的最佳延时为剩余飞行时间减去破片飞行时间。文中根据战斗部的尺寸对炸点控制所允许的误差进行了简单分析，及根据不同交会条件下的计算结果给出了几点实用性建议。     

Bubble detector characterization for space radiation

In light of the importance of the neutron contribution to the dose equivalent received by space workers in the near-Earth radiation environment, there is an increasing need for a personal dosimeter that is passive in nature and able to respond to this neutron field in real time. Recent Canadian technology has led to the development of a bubble detector, which is sensitive to neutrons, but insensitive to low linear energy transfer (LET) radiation. By changing the composition of the bubble detector fluid (or “superheat”), the detectors can be fabricated to respond to different types of radiation. This paper describes a preliminary ground-based research effort to better characterize the bubble detectors of different compositions at various charged-particle accelerator facilities, which are capable of simulating the space radiation field.     

新世纪初的世界航天保险

近几年来，世界航天保险市场动荡不安，特别是美国2001年“9．11”事件带动了整个保险市场保险费率的急剧上扬。由于发射失败或在轨卫星出现故障导致保险索赔数量的增加，航天保险的保险费率更是创下了历史新高，1999—2002年骤增129％。     

MX导弹喷管用先进材料评论 Ⅱ 第一级喷管的先进材料

本文是评论MX导弹喷管先进材料的三篇文章中的第二篇。第一篇文章于1977年4月在SAMPE季刊中发表(译文见“固体火箭技术”1978年第二期第99—105页),综述了MX导弹喷管对材料的要求,叙述了石墨材料的结构、性质和性能之间的关系。本文继续对MX的第一级和第二级发动机喷管所用先进材料进一步进行评价。     

Goals and preparation method for ground operations for the manned space flight Altair

The mission's success fully depends on the Payload Operations conducted during the space flight. The Ground Team has to be trained to assist the Space Crew, to replan the cosmonaut's activities when contingengies occurr onboard and to change or cancel Payload activities when required. In order to act efficiently during the mission, the Ground Team must be prepared in advance of the flight and able to operate special tools for tracking the mission's progress, anticipating problems and taking decisions in realtime.

This document sets out the approach for conducting such a preparation for Ground Operation. It will be focused on the Altaïr mission performed in July 1993 onboard the Russian Mir space station.     

Remote assistance experiment during the manned space flight Altair

This remote assistance trial, performed within the framework of the manned space flight Altaïr, was carried out by CADMOS (CNES), with the cooperation of the Sub-directorate of CNES Operational Systems, Medes, LBM of Tours and Christol Consultants. It consisted of supplying the cosmonaut performing the Orthostatism experiment (echograph acquisition) on board the Mir station with realtime assistance by an expert (LBM of Tours) working from the ground on the CADMOS premises. The various steps of the approach followed during the preparation phase are described, as well as the technical means of communication used between the Mir station and CADMOS.     

基于有限元模拟的管材内高压成形模具设计与优化

设计模具需要丰富的生产实践经验,新产品、新工艺的模具设计不可能一次成功,或多或少都会存在一些结构上的不合理或其他缺陷,产品因而不能顺利成形。为了解决这些问题,本文对管材内高压成形的过程用MSC.Marc有限元模拟软件进行模拟,验证模具结构上的合理性,发现存在的缺陷并进行模具的重新优化。这样可以弥补经验设计的不足,缩短了模具设计制造周期,提高了工作效率,避免了因不合理的设计而导致的资源浪费,对类似的模具设计有一定借鉴作用。     

单片微机在弹上遥测设备中的应用

为了使弹上遥测设备体积小、功能全,采用了单片微机技术.给出了微机的硬件电路和软件设计,介绍了利用软件编程来实现各遥测信号的采集、编码、处理和发送方法.