双膜热流计的研究及其应用

 本文对用于测量涡轮叶片和涡轮外环换热的高频双膜热流计进行了理论分析,并给出了对双膜热流计的校验方法,阐明了双膜热流计的设计及其应用。     

激光熔覆制备金属间化合物抗冲蚀涂层

采用同轴送粉方法,激光熔覆制备了WC增强Ni3Al金属间化合物基复合涂层,通过试验,优化了工艺参数,对激光熔覆涂层的成分、组织和硬度进行了测试和分析.结果表明,激光熔覆涂层无裂纹和气孔,与基体形成良好的冶金结合,WC颗粒的添加显著提高了涂层硬度.     

2m×2m超声速风洞测量系统与运行管理系统研制

2m×2m超声速风洞测量系统采用NI公司的嵌入式实时控制器及GE公司的反射内存技术构建实时网络,选用NI公司的数据采集卡实现数据采集,选用PSI 8400DTC系统实现模型表面压力测量。运行管理系统包括运行操作系统软件和状态监控系统软件,主要完成风洞试验运行、操作、控制以及风洞试验状态监控。系统软件应用NI公司的LabVIEW 8.6.1图形化开发环境进行开发。介绍了系统研制内容、技术指标、研制方案、关键技术问题及其解决途径。该系统具有功能完善,技术指标先进,操作界面友好,使用维护方便的特点。     

An Event Horizon Imager(EHI) Mission Concept Utilizing Medium Earth Orbit Sub-mm Interferometry

Submillimeter interferometry has the potential to image supermassive black holes on event horizon scales, providing tests of the theory of general relativity and increasing our understanding of black hole accretion processes. The Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) performs these observations from the ground, and its main imaging targets are Sagittarius A* in the Galactic Center and the black hole at the center of the M87 galaxy. However, the EHT is fundamentally limited in its performance by atmospheric effects and sparse terrestrial (u,v)-coverage (Fourier sampling of the image). The scientific interest in quantitative studies of the horizon size and shape of these black holes has motivated studies into using space interferometry which is free of these limitations. Angular resolution considerations and interstellar scattering effects push the desired observing frequency to bands above 500 GHz.
This paper presents the requirements for meeting these science goals, describes the concept of interferometry from Polar or Equatorial Medium Earth Orbits (PECMEO) which we dub the Event Horizon Imager (EHI), and utilizes suitable space technology heritage. In this concept, two or three satellites orbit at slightly different orbital radii, resulting in a dense and uniform spiral-shaped (u,v)-coverage over time. The local oscillator signals are shared via an inter-satellite link, and the data streams are correlated on-board before final processing on the ground. Inter-satellite metrology and satellite positioning are extensively employed to facilitate the knowledge of the instrument position vector, and its time derivative. The European space heritage usable for both the front ends and the antenna technology of such an instrument is investigated. Current and future sensors for the required inter-satellite metrology are listed. Intended performance estimates and simulation results are given.      

Distribution and stable isotopic composition of amino acids from fungal peptaibiotics: assessing the potential for meteoritic contamination

The presence of nonprotein α-dialkyl-amino acids such as α-aminoisobutyric acid (α-AIB) and isovaline (Iva), which are considered to be relatively rare in the terrestrial biosphere, has long been used as an indication of the indigeneity of meteoritic amino acids. However, recent work showing the presence of α-AIB and Iva in peptides produced by a widespread group of filamentous fungi indicates the possibility of a terrestrial biotic source for the α-AIB observed in some meteorites. We measured the amino acid distribution and stable carbon and nitrogen isotopic composition of four α-AIB-containing fungal peptides and compared this data to similar meteoritic measurements. We show that the relatively simple distribution of the C(4) and C(5) amino acids in fungal peptides is distinct from the complex distribution observed in many carbonaceous chondrites. We also identify potentially diagnostic relationships between the stable isotopic compositions of pairs of amino acids from the fungal peptides that may aid in ruling out fungal contamination as a source of meteoritic amino acids.     

Responses of haloarchaea to simulated microgravity

Various effects of microgravity on prokaryotes have been recognized in recent years, with the focus on studies of pathogenic bacteria. No archaea have been investigated yet with respect to their responses to microgravity. For exposure experiments on spacecrafts or on the International Space Station, halophilic archaea (haloarchaea) are usually embedded in halite, where they accumulate in fluid inclusions. In a liquid environment, these cells will experience microgravity in space, which might influence their viability and survival. Two haloarchaeal strains, Haloferax mediterranei and Halococcus dombrowskii, were grown in simulated microgravity (SMG) with the rotary cell culture system (RCCS, Synthecon). Initially, salt precipitation and detachment of the porous aeration membranes in the RCCS were observed, but they were avoided in the remainder of the experiment by using disposable instead of reusable vessels. Several effects were detected, which were ascribed to growth in SMG: Hfx. mediterranei's resistance to the antibiotics bacitracin, erythromycin, and rifampicin increased markedly; differences in pigmentation and whole cell protein composition (proteome) of both strains were noted; cell aggregation of Hcc. dombrowskii was notably reduced. The results suggest profound effects of SMG on haloarchaeal physiology and cellular processes, some of which were easily observable and measurable. This is the first report of archaeal responses to SMG. The molecular mechanisms of the effects induced by SMG on prokaryotes are largely unknown; haloarchaea could be used as nonpathogenic model systems for their elucidation and in addition could provide information about survival during lithopanspermia (interplanetary transport of microbes inside meteorites).     

The potential for low-temperature abiotic hydrogen generation and a hydrogen-driven deep biosphere

The release and oxidation of ferrous iron during aqueous alteration of the mineral olivine is known to reduce aqueous solutions to such extent that molecular hydrogen, H2, forms. H2 is an efficient energy carrier and is considered basal to the deep subsurface biosphere. Knowledge of the potential for H2 generation is therefore vital to understanding the deep biosphere on Earth and on extraterrestrial bodies. Here, we provide a review of factors that may reduce the potential for H2 generation with a focus on systems in the core temperature region for thermophilic to hyperthermophilic microbial life. We show that aqueous sulfate may inhibit the formation of H2, whereas redox-sensitive compounds of carbon and nitrogen are unlikely to have significant effect at low temperatures. In addition, we suggest that the rate of H2 generation is proportional to the dissolution rate of olivine and, hence, limited by factors such as reactive surface areas and the access of water to fresh surfaces. We furthermore suggest that the availability of water and pore/fracture space are the most important factors that limit the generation of H2. Our study implies that, because of large heat flows, abundant olivine-bearing rocks, large thermodynamic gradients, and reduced atmospheres, young Earth and Mars probably offered abundant systems where microbial life could possibly have emerged.     

X波段机载雷达的收发模块

增强雷达性能的要求和对付越来越复杂威胁环境的需要促使了地面雷达、船载雷达和机载雷达系统的有源相控阵的研制。对于机载系统，电子扫描波束指向能力所带来的益处是灵活、高效的扫描范围覆盖、工作模式的交替进行（例如同时进行搜索、多目标跟踪和地形回避等）以及在每个工作模式中的动态波束方向图形状优化等。像可靠性增强和雷达横截面降低等其他系统益处也能在此种天线中加以证明。     

航空公司将是带动维修业复苏的关键

去年“9.11”事件后,维护、修理和大修(MRO) 业开始突显出来,维修供应商正瞄准这场激烈的 商业竞争气候,加强资产管理以获得和维持稳定收入 流。 过去的七个月里,全球航空公司界在员工、资源和 收入方面都经历了实质性的缩减,其结果对航空航天