天基雷达监视的系统最佳化技术

为了使天基监视雷达达到最高效能,必须考虑探测装置和系统的各种参数,它们相互间的关系,以及这些参数与整个系统性能之间的关系。视区与轨道高度有关,雷达波束照射的区域在视区内变化相当大。这会影响到虚警时间、相应的虚警数和所需的检测门限。为解决距离和速度模糊,脉冲多普勒雷达必须采用多种脉冲重复频率(PRF)。对每种PRF都要作一次试检测,所以有几种“n中有m”的检测方案。为保持系统检测输出概率和虚警时间为预定值,这些检测方案会影响到每次试检测所需的检测检率。这些因素和波形效率强烈地影响系统的总驻留时间和区域覆盖速率。波形效率与多普勒脉冲串的波形持续时间与双程传播时间的比值有关。同时使用了相干     

基于FPGA的动态可重配置方法研究

对FPGA应用的研究发现,随着FPGA门电路总数的增加,其内部布线的数目和复杂度随之增加,但是随着系统规模的增大,单芯片资源的利用率反而下降。在这种背景下,人们开始把注意力转移到FPGA逻辑资源的时分复用上来,对FPGA的逻辑资源进行动态重配置,以提高FPGA芯片的利用率。在对重配置技术的基本概念以及特征分类进行概要介绍的基础上,较为详细地介绍了四种基于FPGA的动态重配置方法,并针对重配置关键技术和发展趋势进行了探讨。     

“赫尔墨斯”推进系统设计

“赫尔墨斯”航天飞机是一种载人的、可重复使用的飞行器.它要用新的“阿里安”5发射到低地球圆形轨道和极轨道.当“赫尔墨斯”脱离“阿里安”5后,即机动飞行到其所要求的工作轨道上.讨论了两种入轨的推进概念:组合式可重复使用系统和分离式一次性使用系统.重点研究组合式系统.但也分析了一次性使用系统对本研究结果的影响.讨论了推进系统的基本流程图的设计步骤,并提出几种导致选择基本推进系统流程图的比较方案.示出了改变外形的最新“赫尔墨斯”对流程图的影响.     

2m超声速风洞流场变速压控制方法研究

颤振试验要求风洞必须具备变速压试验能力,为此在2 m超声速风洞开展了流场变速压控制方法研究。针对总压宽范围多阶梯运行时主调压阀调节能力不一致的问题,采用总压分组、误差分段的控制方法解决了这一难题。通过基于主调压阀阀门特性曲线的控制方法,实现了总压上升速率可调的目标,避免了复杂的控制参数整定过程,显著减少了调试车次。试验结果表明:采用该控制方法,一次试验可以完成多个总压阶梯的控制,并且总压稳定精度达0.3%,速压超调量小于0.5 kPa,总压上升速率可调。通过本文工作,2 m超声速风洞具备了变速压试验能力,并成功应用于型号试验。     

The PROCESS experiment: exposure of amino acids in the EXPOSE-E experiment on the international space station and in laboratory simulations

To understand the chemical behavior of organic molecules in the space environment, amino acids and a dipeptide in pure form and embedded in meteorite powder were exposed in the PROCESS experiment in the EXPOSE-E facility mounted on the European Technology Exposure Facility (EuTEF) platform on board the International Space Station (ISS). After exposure to space conditions for 18 months, the samples were returned to Earth and analyzed in the laboratory for reactions caused by solar UV and cosmic radiation. Chemical degradation and possible racemization and oligomerization, the main reactions caused by photochemistry in the vacuum ultraviolet domain (VUV, wavelength range 100-200?nm for photon energy from 6.2 to 12.4?eV) were examined in particular. The molecules were extracted and derivatized by silylation and analyzed by gas chromatograph coupled to a mass spectrometer (GC-MS) to quantify the rate of the degradation of the compounds. Laboratory exposure in several wavelength ranges from UV to VUV was carried out in parallel in the Cologne Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR) Center and Centre de biophysique moléculaire (CBM) laboratories. The results show that resistance to irradiation is a function of the chemical nature of the exposed molecules and the wavelengths of the UV light. The most altered compounds were the dipeptide, aspartic acid, and aminobutyric acid. The most resistant were alanine, valine, glycine, and aminoisobutyric acid. Our results also demonstrate the protective effect of meteorite powder, which reemphasizes the importance of exogenic contribution to the inventory of prebiotic organics on early Earth.     

跟踪和数据中继卫星系统在欧洲的应用可能性

美国航空航天局(NASA)打算在1981年左右用两颗中继卫星组成的跟踪和数据中继卫星系统(TDRSS),取代美国用于跟踪低轨卫星并进行数据和指令传输的现有地面站网。除本国用户使用外,NASA还可将该系统提供给其它国家的用户使用。本文就美国采取了该措施后对欧洲产生何种影响进行了分析。根据欧洲在八十年代到九十年代间需要执行的任务,这里提出了两种可供选择的方案。在相同工作能力下,从费用以及其它方面,将欧洲中继卫星的两种方案与租用TDRS系统进行了比较。通过比较可看出,采用本文提出的欧洲中继卫星系统方案更有利一些。     

An objective determination of +Gz acceleration tolerance

Until recently, human +Gz acceleration tolerance has relied solely on subjective criteria relating to loss of vision. By use of newly developed noninvasive instrumentation using a transcutaneous Doppler flow system, objective end point criteria have been developed based on measured blood flow to the head. The system consists of miniature 8 MHz Doppler sensors (2 x 1 x 0.5 cm) placed on the forehead over both frontal branches of the temporal arteries to detect blood flow velocity from back scattered ultrasound. Its use has allowed for correlation of altered, decreased and actual reversal of eye level blood flow with subsequent central light loss. Over 100 subjects have now been studied during more than 2,000 centrifuge runs. Objective changes in temporal artery flow velocity consistently preceded visual degradation for each subject during all acceleration profiles. No subject has gone unconscious without first exhibiting a minimum 6 sec of total flow cessation. Retrograde flow followed by complete flow cessation always preceded central light loss. Results indicate that this method can be successfully used with a wide variety of tasks during exposure to +Gz acceleration. It is recommended for use during evaluation of protective maneuvers or devices on the centrifuge or during actual flight in high performance aircraft. It may also serve as a potential safety monitor during space Shuttle re-entry if there is doubt about a passenger's cardiovascular status.     

低旋流预混燃烧稳燃机理的大涡模拟

采用大涡模拟(LES)方法对比了高低旋流的预混燃烧特性,并分析了低旋流的稳燃机理。结果表明:LES耦合部分搅拌反应燃烧模型(PaSR)可以准确的捕捉旋流预混燃烧的细小火焰结构和流场分布。不同旋流强度引发不同的流场特性,低旋流诱发较弱的回流区,而高旋流会诱发很强的回流区,这种强烈的流场特征往往会引起振动频率极低的进动涡核拟序结构(PVC)。通过涡脱落和燃烧温度分布的瞬时耦合关系,发现火焰剪切层引起的内外涡脱落频率差是低旋流火焰稳定的最主要因素,低旋流燃烧受涡旋结构的影响交替出现W和V型火焰。     

爆轰波-激波迎面作用后的稳定波系

本文为对当量比乙炔氧气混合气体中爆轰波与激波正面对撞产生稳定波系的实验和理论研究.实验主要以高速扫描摄影获取两波对撞的x-t纹影图,一维理论分析则基于三种热完全的组分求解两波对撞的稳定解并探寻它们的规律.实验发现透射波系包括一道激波和爆轰波,以及紧随爆轰波后的稀疏波区,这种波系情况与一维理论分析中CJ解一致.透射CJ爆轰与人射爆轰相比马赫数降低,而相对波前来流的传播速度有轻微提高,但在实验室坐标下其速度显著降低.透射波系受初始压强影响不大;初始温度提高使得爆轰波速度降低,而透射激波速度增加;对波系起实质影响作用的是入射激波强度,激波越强,则整个透射流场呈现偏向激波的趋势;理论分析还指出,稀疏波区的出现不可避免,当激波强度趋于声波时稀疏波区趋于消失,激波越强则疏波区趋于扩大.     

战术型号复合固体推进剂装药生产阶段的质量管理

型号批生产的目的、质量要求、管理模式与研制有很大差异，批生产质量管理的特点和难点也不同于研制。批生产和研制之间虽然有很大的继承性，但不是一个简单的放大。而是一个量变到质变的过程。结合多年战术型号固体推进剂装药在批生产实践中遇到的许多研制过程中没有遇到或忽视的问题，从质量管理模式、质量管理观念、性能控制技术等方面进行不断总结、创新，探索出适应于批生产的质量管理方法。