结冰云雾参数对冰与固壁间剪切强度影响的初步研究

基于结冰风洞实验段,建立了冰与固壁间黏附界面剪切强度测量实验装置,获得了合理的剪切强度范围。在0.3 m×0.2 m结冰风洞实验段内开展了冰与固壁间黏附界面剪切强度的测量实验。掌握了结冰环境温度、平均水滴直径等结冰云雾参数对冰与固壁间黏附剪切强度的影响规律。研究表明:结冰环境温度为-15~-10 ℃间出现了剪切强度极大值。来流速度越大,水滴的惯性力越大,水滴间的间隙越容易被填充,冰与固壁间剪切强度也就越大。平均水滴直径(MVD)为35 μm附近出现了剪切强度极小值,水滴直径越小,水滴之间的间隙就越小,结冰就越致密。水滴直径越大,水滴越容易发生平铺,水滴之间的间隙就容易被填充,反而造成剪切强度增大。      

Aircraft engine fault detection based on grouped convolutional denoising autoencoders

Many existing aircraft engine fault detection methods are highly dependent on performance deviation data that are provided by the original equipment manufacturer. To improve the independent engine fault detection ability, Aircraft Communications Addressing and Reporting System (ACARS) data can be used. However, owing to the characteristics of high dimension, complex correlations between parameters, and large noise content, it is difficult for existing methods to detect faults effectively by using ACARS data. To solve this problem, a novel engine fault detection method based on original ACARS data is proposed. First, inspired by computer vision methods, all variables were divided into separated groups according to their correlations. Then, an improved convolutional denoising autoencoder was used to extract the features of each group. Finally, all of the extracted features were fused to form feature vectors. Thereby, fault samples could be identified based on these feature vectors. Experiments were conducted to validate the effectiveness and efficiency of our method and other competing methods by considering real ACARS data as the data source. The results reveal the good performance of our method with regard to comprehensive fault detection and robustness. Additionally, the computational and time costs of our method are shown to be relatively low.     

State of art on energy management strategy for hybrid-powered unmanned aerial vehicle

New energy sources such as solar energy and hydrogen energy have been applied to the Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV), which could be formed as the hybrid power sources due to the requirement of miniaturization, lightweight, and environmental protection issue for UAV. Hybrid electrical propulsion technology has been used in UAV and it further enforces this trend for the evolution to the Hybrid-Powered System(HPS). In order to realize long endurance flight mission and improve the energy efficiency of UAV, many researching works are focused on the Energy Management Strategy(EMS) of the HPS with digital simulation, ground demonstration platforms and a few flight tests for the UAV in recent years. energy management strategy, in which off-line or on-line control algorithms acted as the core part, could optimize dynamic electrical power distribution further and directly affect the efficiency and fuel economy of hybrid-powered system onboard.In order to give the guideline for this emerging technology for UAV, this paper presents a review of the topic highlighting energy optimal management strategies of UAV. The characteristics of typical new energy sources applied in UAV are summarized firstly, and then the classification and analysis of the architecture for hybrid power systems in UAV are presented. In the context of new energy sources and configuration of energy system, a comprehensive comparison and analysis for the state of art of EMS are presented, and the various levels of complexity and accuracy of EMS are considered in terms of real time, computational burden and optimization performance based on the optimal control and operational modes of UAV. Finally, the tendency and challenges of energy management strategy applied to the UAV have been forecasted.     

互质阵中空间谱估计研究进展

阵列信号处理技术是信号处理领域一个重要分支,广泛应用于雷达、声呐、水电天文等领域。空间谱估计是阵列信号处理中一个主要研究热点,为了避免角度模糊,要求阵元间距要小于等于载波波长的一半。互质阵突破半波长的限制,其阵元间距一般大于半波长。因此,互质阵能够在阵元数固定的情况下,获得更大的阵列孔径。互质阵空间谱估计算法可以利用互质特性辨识目标源,且能够获得更高的测向精度与分辨率。互质阵空间谱估计研究逐渐成为当今阵列信号处理领域的热点。本文总结了互质线阵与互质面阵下的空间谱估计的研究进展,分析了互质阵列相对于普通均匀阵列在阵列孔径扩展以及提高空间自由方面的优势。仿真结果展现了互质阵下高效的波达方向估计性能。     

复合相变热沉在电子设备热管理中的应用

某些特殊电子设备的短时高功耗运行往往会引起急剧温升,进而导致设备失效。文章采用膨胀石墨/高碳醇复合相变材料(PCM)作为热沉,针对某高功耗模块进行了散热仿真,并与传统铝热沉进行了对比,结果表明无主动散热平台下PCM热沉显著优于铝热沉。同工况温箱实验进一步验证相变热沉散热特性,并与仿真结果进行对比,结果表明实验结果与仿真结果具有一致的温度变化趋势,但由于相变温度范围的差异导致不同时间段温升速率不同。分析了二者的差异及原因,为严酷条件下应用相变材料进行热设计和热管理提供参考。     

金属梯度多孔夹芯板振动特性分析

金属梯度多孔材料芯层的胞孔壁厚度及半径沿芯层厚度方向逐渐变化,使得芯层的材料参数如密度和弹性模量等逐渐变化;采用金属梯度多孔材料代替传统均质多孔芯层会影响夹芯板的振动特性。基于高阶夹芯板理论且考虑梯度多孔芯层密度和弹性模量的耦合影响,建立了复合材料面层-金属梯度多孔夹芯板的振动方程。分析了3种密度的梯度芯层:单向分布、正梯度对称分布和负梯度对称分布对夹芯板固有频率的影响;最后讨论了3种梯度夹芯板在相同三角脉冲载荷作用下的振动响应。计算结果表明梯度芯层密度对称分布的夹芯板固有频率大于单向分布的夹芯板固有频率。     

航空发动机叶片前后缘自由式砂带抛光技术

由于叶片前后缘(LTE)的轮廓形状和表面质量将对航空发动机的气动性能和叶片的疲劳性能产生直接影响,因此为提高前后缘的轮廓度和表面质量,通过对目前航空发动机叶片前后缘抛光所存在的问题进行分析,结合叶片前后缘抛光工艺要求,并基于自由式砂带抛光的工艺特点,提出了叶片前后缘自由式砂带抛光工艺方法;针对该抛光工艺方法,建立其砂带张紧力控制系统,确定了抛光加工中的砂带走刀步长计算公式及抛光轨迹规划方法;最后以某型号叶片的前后缘作为加工对象进行抛光实验研究。检测结果显示:叶片前后缘轮廓度误差小于0.01mm,其表面粗糙度小于0.4μm,证实了该抛光工艺方法对提高叶片前后缘的轮廓度和表面质量的有效性。     

可压缩流湍流度变热线过热比测量方法

开展了可压缩流中湍流度测量技术的研究,以满足高速风洞高精度试验能力的需求。以对流换热规律为基础,从理论上对可压缩流中热线金属丝热平衡关系式进行了推导,以此为基础,详细推导了恒温热线风速仪的响应关系式,得到了质量流量和总温灵敏度系数的显式表达式,建立了可压缩流中湍流度的求解方法。在马赫数为0.3~0.6范围内进行了湍流度测量试验,以响应关系式为数学模型,利用双曲线拟合方法对试验数据进行了拟合分析,求解得到了马赫数在0.3~0.6范围内流场湍流度约为0.3%~0.6%。对热线输出电压进行了频谱分析,根据频谱特性,利用低通滤波对频域信号进行了处理,有效降低了时域信号脉冲尖峰对湍流度求解的影响,滤波后求解得到马赫数在0.3~0.6范围内流场湍流度约为0.1%~0.3%,与前期测量结果相符。试验结果证明了所建立理论方法的正确性及利用恒温热线风速仪变过热比方法测量可压缩流湍流度的可行性。     

A high-order model of rotating stall in axial compressors with inlet distortion

In this paper,a high-order distortion model is proposed for analyzing the rotating stall inception process induced by inlet distortion in axial compressors.A distortion-generating screen in the compressor inlet is considered.By assuming a quadratic function for the local flow total pressure-drop,the existing Mansoux model is extended to include the effects of static inlet distor tion,and a new high-order distortion model is derived.To illustrate the effectiveness of the distortion model,numerical simulations are performed on an eighteenth-order model.It is demonstrated that long length-scale disturbances emerge out of the distorted background flow,and further induce the onset of rotating stall in advance.In addition,the circumferential non-uniform distribution and time evolution of the axial flow are also shown to be consistent with the existing features.It is thus shown that the high-order distortion model is capable of describing the transient behavior of stall inception and will contribute further to stall detection under inlet distortion.     

前进速率对搅拌摩擦加工ZK60镁合金组织和力学性能的影响

对铸态ZK60镁合金进行搅拌摩擦加工,在转速为800r/min,前进速率为50~200mm/min的条件下,获得表面平整、无宏观缺陷的材料,并对其组织和力学性能进行研究。研究结果表明:剧烈的塑性变形使搅拌区的晶粒相对于铸态母材得到了明显细化,随着前进速率的增加,搅拌区平均晶粒尺寸先减小后增大。搅拌区细晶组织的显微硬度及抗拉强度相比于铸态母材有所提高,而伸长率显著提高。在转速为800r/min,前进速率为100mm/min的加工条件下,搅拌区的晶粒最为细小均匀,其平均晶粒尺寸为6.9μm,材料的硬度、抗拉强度和伸长率分别为70.1HV,276 MPa和31.6%。