红外可见兼容隐身薄膜的制备与性能

采用多弧离子镀制备了多彩Al/TiNO(掺氮TiO2)薄膜,利用SEM观察了薄膜的表面、断面形貌,并测量了其膜厚.采用XRD研究了薄膜的相结构.利用紫外一可见分光光度计研究了TiNO膜的可见光谱特性,用红外比辐射率测量仪测量了样品的红外发射率.结果表明:在不改变Al箔在8～14 um波段低红外发射率的情况下,实现了其物理着色.所得薄膜为锐钛矿型TiO2结构,薄膜表面平整、致密,结合力较好.TiNO薄膜呈明显柱状生长,薄膜试样表面未出现明显缺陷,薄膜表面致密,柱状颗粒生长完好.TiNO薄膜的沉积速率达120 nm/min.     

低红外发射率迷彩填料的制备及光谱特性

采用化学液相沉淀法获得了具有核层结构的 Al/ SiO2/Fe2O3颜料,在基本不改变Al粉在8～14靘波段红外发射率的情况下,实现了片状Al粉的物理着色.分析了正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)水解一缩聚反应及氯化铁水解反应机理,并以此制备了Al/SiO2/Fe2O3三层结构的复合粒子,研究了包覆的工艺条件.通过扫描电镜、能谱、X射线衍射、紫外-可见光吸收谱等方法对包膜后的片状Al粉粒子进行了分析与表征.实验结果表明,通过液相沉积法在Al粉表面成功包覆了SiO2/Fe2O3薄膜,得到了低红外发射率的迷彩Al粉颜料.     

神经网络和专家系统复合材料优化设计研究

论述了复合材料设计及优化的基本方法,介绍了神经网络和专家系统人工智能方法,并对复合材料设卉及优化中的两种智能方法进行了详细论述,总结了两种方法在复合材料优化设计中的分类、建模、预测和应用.举例说明了神经网络和专家系统方法在复合材料优化设计中具有重要的研究价值.最后对该领域的发展提出了建议.     

旋转对固体火箭发动机燃烧室燃气流动的影响

采用RNG k-ε湍流模型,计算了某管状装药旋转固体火箭发动机在不同旋转速度情况下的燃烧室喷管统一流场,着重分析了不同转速情况下燃烧室内燃气流动的特点,得到了该发动机燃烧室内旋流切向速度沿径向分布趋势以及旋流涡核半径在不同转速情况下的变化特点,对燃烧室前封头局部区域的流场结构也进行了较为细致的分析.     

Nonlinear Dynamics Behaviors of a Rotor Roller Bearing System with Radial Clearances and Waviness Considered

A rotor system supported by roller beatings displays very complicated nonlinear behaviors due to nonlinear Hertzian contact forces, radial clearances and bearing waviness. This paper presents nonlinear bearing forces of a roller bearing under four-dimensional loads and establishes 4-DOF dynamics equations of a rotor roller bearing system. The methods of Newmark-β and of Newton-Laphson are used to solve the nonlinear equations. The dynamics behaviors of a rigid rotor system are studied through the bifurcation, the Poincar è maps, the spectrum diagrams and the axis orbit of responses of the system. The results show that the system is liable to undergo instability caused by the quasi-periodic bifurcation, the periodic-doubling bifurcation and chaos routes as the rotational speed increases. Clearances, outer race waviness, inner race waviness, roller waviness, damping, radial forces and unbalanced forces-all these bring a significant influence to bear on the system stability. As the clearance increases, the dynamics behaviors become complicated with the number and the scale of instable regions becoming larger. The vibration frequencies induced by the roller bearing waviness and the orders of the waviness might cause severe vibrations. The system is able to eliminate non-periodic vibration by reasonable choice and optimization of the parameters.     

Friction moment analysis of space gyroscope bearing with ribbon cage under ultra-low oscillatory motion

This paper presents the model of calculating the total friction moment of space gyroscope ball bearings which usually work under ultra-low oscillatory motion and are very sensitive to the friction moment. The aim is to know the proportion of the friction moment caused by each frictional source in the bearing＇s total friction moment, which is helpful to optimize the bearing design to deduce the friction moment. In the model, the cage dynamic equations considering six degree-of-freedom and the balls dynamic equations considering two degree-of-freedom were solved.The good trends with different loads between the measured friction moments and computational results prove that the model under constant rate was validated. The computational results show that when the speed was set at 5 r/min, the bearing＇s maximum total friction moment when oscillation occurred was obviously larger than that occurred at a constant rate. At the onset of each oscillatory motion, the proportion of the friction moment caused by cage in the bearing＇s total friction moment was very high, and it increased with the increasing speed. The analyses of different cage thicknesses and different clearances between cage pocket and ball show that smaller thickness and clearance were preferred.     

PIV技术在复杂二相流场中的应用

光学元器件随飞行器在大气中飞行时,其工作性能越来越多地受到大气悬浮汇聚微粒的影响。大气微粒在复杂流场中呈现何种运动汇聚效应,对于合理准确评估机载光学元器件的工作效能具有十分重要的工程意义,而复杂气动流场中微粒分布状态的预估一直是飞行器外界环境研究中的一个难点。气动问题的复杂性、大气中微粒的多样性一直是制约各种试验手段展开、数值模型建立的主要因素。利用先进的激光粒子图像技术,在风洞中对舵面旋涡主导的复杂流场中的微粒速度及分布特性进行了实验研究。在测量舵面翼梢脱落旋涡特性的基础上,通过激光片光扫描流场全域,同时高帧频CCD相机同步曝光,利用PIV 拍摄到的流场中涡流截面内微粒分布的瞬态图像。结合图像后处理技术,对原始粒子图像进行互相关、二值化处理,通过对图像区域内的灰度值计算,统计相对流场截面内的粒子浓度系数,得到在复杂旋涡结构流场内瞬态粒子的分布特性规律。研究结果表明,利用大气中微粒在激光片光下的米氏散射原理,可以有效地拍摄到复杂流场结构下粒子光学散射及分布的特性图像,解决了传统环境测试设备无法对复杂条件下流场内粒子分布进行实时测量的缺陷;在旋涡为主导的流场中,大气中的微粒由向心力牵引,在涡核周围达到平衡运动状态,微粒环绕涡核形成一条环状带,这一区域中的粒子浓度系数要远大于自由流场中的微粒,涡核中心粒子呈“空洞”状态。     

空间等离子体导致高电压太阳阵的电流收集

给出一种能方便计算空间等离子体引起高电压太阳阵（HVSA）电流收集的理论统计模式，通过对物理过程分析认为空间等离子体致HVSA的功率损耗对HVASA的设计是不应忽视的。     

角度棱镜方位对干涉仪测角范围的影响

在激光测角干涉仪中,由于角度棱镜安置的方位不同,将导致该仪器角度测量范围的变化。分析了角度棱镜的方向和位置对角度测量范围的影响,比较了不同方案的优劣,并给出了结论。