汽车绕流的数值分析及计算机模拟

本文简要介绍了汽车绕流数值分析的有关理论基础和计算机模拟几个重要问题,涉及基本方程、有限体积法的应用、交错网格系统及边界条件的处理等,并给出了应用算例。对有关计算的相应技术处理也进行了探讨。     

诱导轮形状对汽蚀特性的影响

作者通过对两个叶片的平板螺旋形诱导叶轮的汽蚀特性和叶轮内空泡发展进行了测试和可视化观察, 发现随着吸入压力的降低, 两个叶片上原来同样发展的空泡之间有时会失去平衡, 出现一个叶片的空泡急剧缩小, 而另一个叶片空泡随之增大, 这种交错叶片空泡现象, 并有可能导致扬程的急速下降。在此基础上, 作者进一步对叶片数, 叶片长度不同的 4种诱导叶轮进行了测试, 弄清了叶轮几何形状对上述现象发生和汽蚀性能的影响, 并对其原因作了初步的探讨。      

适用于航空涡轮全三维设计的气动设计体系

建立了一种以考虑损失的多级三维无粘定常计算程序为主的设计体系 ,该体系考虑了多级透平工作中的变比热容和冷气掺混 ,叶列间参数传递处理上采用了 Rieman解和松弛因子提高程序的稳定性 ,在二维基准截面造型中采用了三次有理 B样条曲线成型 ,三维叶片积迭采用 Besier曲线生成母线。此设计体系同时依赖于一个损失估算体系 ,用来较准确地估算涡轮效率。设计实践证明该体系适用于现代涡轮的全三维设计     

内啮合转子压缩机气体力及力矩研究

首先分析了内啮合转子压缩机第一个工作腔内压力分布情况,得到了其他各腔压力分布的计算方法,然后根据压力的分布,研究了内外转子的受力情况,得到了内外转子上所承受的气体力和力矩随转角的变化关系,并和其他旋转压缩机进行了对比。研究的结果表明,内外转子上由于工作腔气体压力不相等所造成的气体力和力矩呈周期性变化,其周期为2π/Z2,通过和其他压缩机的比较表明该压缩机的力学性能优良。     

一种带宽扩展的小型化微带天线

设计了一种中心频率位于S波段、结构简单的单层微带贴片天线。一方面,通过在贴片表面加载变形的Sierpinski分形槽,使天线的谐振频率降低了287 MHz,实现了贴片尺寸的缩减;另一方面,在天线接地面上加载地面缺损结构(DG S),通过优化DGS在接地面上的布局,当天线工作在2.4 GH z时,RVSW(电压驻波比)≤2.0的绝对带宽有219MHz,比不加DG S的同类天线提高了3倍多。综合应用上面两种技术后,加载DG S的小型化天线的绝对带宽也有174 MHz,达到了缩减天线尺寸和带宽扩展的双重效果。     

Inter-satellite calibration of FengYun 3 medium energy electron fluxes with POES electron measurements

We perform an L-shell dependent inter-satellite calibration of FengYun 3 medium energy electron measurements with POES measurements based on rough orbital conjunctions within 5?min?×?0.1?L?×?0.5 MLT. By comparing electron flux data between the U.S. Polar Orbiting Environmental Satellites (POES) and Chinese sun-synchronous satellites including FY-3B and FY-3C for a whole year of 2014, we attempt to remove less reliable data and evaluate systematic uncertainties associated with the FY-3B and FY-3C datasets, expecting to quantify the inter-satellite calibration factors for the 150–350?keV energy channel at L?=?2–7. Compared to the POES data, the FY-3B and FY-3C data generally exhibit a similar trend of electron flux variations but more or less underestimate them within a factor of 5 for the medium electron energy 150–350?keV channel. Good consistency in the flux conjunctions after the inter-calibration procedures gives us certain confidence to generalize our method to calibrate electron flux measurements from various satellite instruments.     

Long-term time-varying characteristics of UPD products generated by a global and regional network and their interoperable application in PPP

The quality and availability of Uncalibrated Phase Delay (UPD) solutions are crucial to the Precise Point Positioning (PPP) service, and the long-term temporal variability and its contributing factors should be better understood. In this paper, we comprehensively investigate the long-term time-varying characteristics of each UPD product respectively generated by a global and regional network and their interoperable application in PPP-AR (ambiguity resolution), the sampling of the WL and NL UPDs are daily and 30 s, respectively. Firstly, in terms of our 30 day Wide-Lane (WL) UPD products of 31 satellites, the Standard Deviation (STD) of each satellite WL UPDs ranges from 0.04 to 0.06 cycles, indicating that the long-term prediction accuracy of satellite WL UPD is sufficient for fixing Wide-Lane ambiguities. Secondly, when a satellite in eclipsing the discontinulity may corrupt the determination of Narrow-Lane (NL) UPD in form of offset, as a result of lacking or poor satellite attitude dynamic modeling. When the influence of discontinuity is removed, the STD of our estimated satellite NL UPDs is less than 0.05 cycles. Thirdly, the STD of our estimated receiver WL UPDs is mainly below 0.2 cycles, which implies that its stability is one order poorer that of the satellite. In addition, if they are used for stations in and around the network covered region, the stability of the UPD products from the CMONOC (Crustal Movement Observation Network of China) is better than that from a global network, benefit from the fact that all the CMONOC stations are equipped with the same receiver type. Finally, the PPP-AR results show that a rate of 82.9% for stations with a WL-ambiguity-fixed rate of over 90% while 69.5% for stations with an NL-ambiguity-fixed rate of over 80% can be achieved when using UPD from the global network, which is worse than that of using UPD from the CMONOC (85.7% for stations with a WL-ambiguity-fixed rate of over 90% while 75% for stations with an NL-ambiguity-fixed rate of over 80%). The results of the experiment on the UPD interoperable application in PPP show that the global network UPD products can provide a fast AR at any single station, and the convergence time is well below 25 min. Particularly, when the location of a station is in and around the regional network, our results show that the PPP results obtained using regional UPDs enable the consistent use of global UPDs. When the location of a station is far away from the regional network, using the regional UPDs can not achieve PPP-AR. Finally, the WL UPDs of the previous day is used for forecasting to estimate the NL UPDs, the stability analysis results of NL UPDs solution and positioning results are demonstrate the validity of forecasted UPD products.     

基于KS函数的协同优化算法及其应用

多学科设计优化(MDO)是当前航空航天复杂系统设计研究中一个最新、最活跃的领域,针对多学科设计优化中协同算法优化过程中存在的收敛困难、计算量大、费时等问题,提出一种新的系统级约束处理方法,利用KS函数的凝聚特性,将系统级的多个学科约束凝聚成一个拥有光滑高阶可微的可行域单约束,来取代罚函数法中的多个约束,以缓解多约束之间的冲突并加速收敛速度.利用两个典型算例进行测试,结果表明改进方法有效.     

Occurrence features of simultaneous H+- and He+-band EMIC emissions in the outer radiation belt

As an important loss mechanism of radiation belt electrons, electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves show up as three distinct frequency bands below the hydrogen (H⁺), helium (He⁺), and oxygen (O⁺) ion gyrofrequencies. Compared to O⁺-band EMIC waves, H⁺- and He⁺-band emissions generally occur more frequently and result in more efficient scattering removal of <～5?MeV relativistic electrons. Therefore, knowledge about the occurrence of these two bands is important for understanding the evolution of the relativistic electron population. To evaluate the occurrence pattern and wave properties of H⁺- and He⁺-band EMIC waves when they occur concurrently, we investigate 64 events of multi-band EMIC emissions identified from high quality Van Allen Probes wave data. Our quantitative results demonstrate a strong occurrence dependence of the multi-band EMIC emissions on magnetic local time (MLT) and L-shell to mainly concentrate on the dayside region of L?=?～4–6. We also find that the average magnetic field amplitude of H⁺-band waves is larger than that of He⁺-band waves only when L?<?4.5 and AE¹?<?300?nT, and He⁺-band emissions are more intense under all other conditions. In contrast to 5 events that have average H⁺-band amplitude over 2 nT, 19 events exhibit >2 nT He⁺-band amplitude, indicating that the He⁺-band waves can be more easily amplified than the H⁺-band waves under the same circumstances. For simultaneous occurrences of the two EMIC wave bands, their frequencies vary with L-shell and geomagnetic activity: the peak wave frequency of H⁺-band emissions varies between 0.25 and 0.8 f_cp with the average between 0.25 and 0.6 f_cp, while that of He⁺-band emissions varies between 0.03 and 0.23 f_cp with the average between 0.05 and 0.15 f_cp. These newly observed occurrence features of simultaneous H⁺- and He⁺-band EMIC emissions provide improved information to quantify the overall contribution of multi-band EMIC waves to the loss processes of radiation belt electrons.