37mm冲压加速器热发射试验初步结果

气动中心超高速所自行研制成国内第一座冲压加速器，并成功地实现了弹丸的冲压加速。文中首先给出冲压加速器的工作原理、国内外研究现状，以及３７ｍ ｍ 口径冲压加速器系统组成，最后给出了热发射不起动（ｕｎｓｔａｒｔ）和热发射实现冲压加速的初步结果     

Debris area distribution of spacecraft under hypervelocity impact

Cross-sectional area is an important parameter for spacecraft breakup debris as it is the directly measured data in space observation. It is significant for observing and analysing the spacecraft breakup event to accurately modelling the area distribution of the breakup debris. In this paper, experimental study has been performed on debris area distribution characteristics of spacecraft under hypervelocity impact. The tests are carried out at the ballistic ranges of CARDC. Aluminium projectiles are launched to normally impact the simulated spacecrafts at about 3.0 km/s. The simulated spacecrafts are made up of aluminium plates, filled with some simulated electronics boxes, each of which was installed with a circuit board. “Soft-catch” devices are used to recover the breakup fragments. The test results show that: 1) the relationship between the cross-sectional area and the characteristic length of debris, which can be obtained in the logarithmic coordinates by linear fitting, represents the debris shape characteristic in a certain extent; 2) the area-to-mass ratios of fragments show normal distributions in the logarithmic coordinates; 3) debris made of different materials can be distinguished by different peaks on the distribution curves; 4) the area-to-mass ratio distributions can be expressed by a linear superimposition of several normal functions which represent the main materials of the spacecraft.     

Even–odd cycle parity in complexity of hemispheric sunspot activity

We have used the Lempel–Ziv measure to describe the complexity in sunspot activity during the solar cycles 18–23. In particular, we examined the time series of daily sunspot numbers in the northern and southern hemispheres in each of the six cycles and calculated the Lempel–Ziv complexity (LZC) value for each time series. Our results indicate that in the even cycles, the LZC values of the sunspot numbers in the two hemispheres are very close to each other, whereas in the odd cycles they differ significantly between the two hemispheres. We also find that within each hemisphere the LZC varies from cycle to cycle. This even–odd cycle parity reflects the variations in inter-hemispheric strengths of the solar magnetic field leading to different temporal distributions of sunspots in the two hemispheres. The degree of complexity may influence the predictability of sunspot activity in the two hemispheres during the various cycles. Although the physical implication of the results is not clear, these results may stimulate new ideas into modeling the complex dynamics of the solar dynamo.     

膨胀偏流喷管高度补偿机制数值研究

为了研究膨胀偏流喷管高度补偿性能,采用CFD方法,对环喉式(ATEDN)和分散式(DTEDN)膨胀偏流喷管在不同高度的工作状态进行了研究,分析了高度变化对膨胀偏流喷管性能的影响和膨胀偏流喷管的高度补偿机制。结果表明:在工作高度0km～15km内,膨胀偏流喷管推力系数优于传统喷管,具有自动补偿能力,其工作模态是从低空"开放"模态转换到高空"闭合"模态。环喉式膨胀偏流喷管性能优于分散式膨胀偏流喷管,其中心体尾锥角、收敛角和初始角存在最优角度,分别为70°,5°和65°,其中收敛角对性能影响较小。对于分散式膨胀偏流喷管,喉孔数目为6喉孔的喷管高度积分总冲比4喉孔的喷管高1.94%;采用带状喉孔的喷管高度积分总冲比圆孔喉口的喷管高3.47%。     

基于双向流固耦合方法的柔性变结构喷管性能分析

为研究柔性变结构喷管的高度补偿潜力,本项研究利用ANSYS平台,基于双向流固耦合方法,对柔性变结构锥型喷管进行数值模拟,分析了飞行高度和柔性材料的弹性模量对喷管性能的影响。模拟结果表明,随着飞行高度的升高,柔性喷管变形加剧,喷管内部流场呈现出膨胀波-激波-膨胀波的波系特征,喷管柔性段的最大型面变形量和壁面最大应力逐渐增大。当材料弹性模量大于100 MPa时,喷管柔性段型面变形对流场的影响将可以忽略。研究显示,该柔性喷管的低空比冲显著高于传统喷管,高空比冲仅略低于传统喷管,其6 km设计高度下较传统喷管有1.462%的高度积分比冲增益。     

距离相关系数融合GPR模型的卫星异常检测方法

卫星在轨运行期间，遥测数据表现形式通常为多维时间序列。高斯过程回归(GPR)模型可以为重要的遥测参数提供动态门限，及时发现隐藏在工程阈值内的故障征兆，但是高维卫星数据使得GPR模型具有局限性。因此，为获取与多个遥测参数相关的动态门限，在GPR模型的基础上，融合距离相关系数对预测变量进行选择，减少信息冗余和计算量，提高模型的可解释性，并估计模型的泛化误差以设置更合理的预测区间，提高模型的泛化能力，检测数据流的持续异常。对实际在轨卫星数据进行仿真实验，验证了距离相关系数融合GPR模型的卫星异常检测方法可以在卫星故障早期检测到数据异常，而且提高了模型的预测性能，降低了虚警率。      

喷气发动机中的紊流旋涡与仿生学

 现代喷气发动机结构已相当复杂,但其性能仍有许多不能令人满意之处,如沿流路压力损失大、部件效率低、压气机容易失速喘振、燃烧室容易过热震荡、再点火高度低、稳定工作范围窄等。本文讨论紊流旋涡现象,给出新推导的紊流动量方程,仿自然生态,提出减少旋涡损失,利用旋涡功能的设想,引出一些值得深入研究的问题。     

WHISPER, A RESONANCE SOUNDER AND WAVE ANALYSER: PERFORMANCES AND PERSPECTIVES FOR THE CLUSTER MISSION

The WHISPER sounder on the Cluster spacecraft is primarily designed to provide an absolute measurement of the total plasma density within the range 0.2–80 cm^-3. This is achieved by means of a resonance sounding technique which has already proved successful in the regions to be explored. The wave analysis function of the instrument is provided by FFT calculation. Compared with the swept frequency wave analysis of previous sounders, this technique has several new capabilities. In particular, when used for natural wave measurements (which cover here the 2–80 kHz range), it offers a flexible trade-off between time and frequency resolutions. In the basic nominal operational mode, the density is measured every 28 s, the frequency and time resolution for the wave measurements are about 600 Hz and 2.2 s, respectively. Better resolutions can be obtained, especially when the spacecraft telemetry is in burst mode. Special attention has been paid to the coordination of WHISPER operations with the wave instruments, as well as with the low-energy particle counters. When operated from the multi-spacecraft Cluster, the WHISPER instrument is expected to contribute in particular to the study of plasma waves in the electron foreshock and solar wind, to investigations about small-scale structures via density and high-frequency emission signatures, and to the analysis of the non-thermal continuum in the magnetosphere.     

超细高氯酸铵团聚状态表征的毛细渗透速度技术研究

超细AP的团聚状态是影响推进剂燃速性能的一个重要因素。根据Washburn方程,首先建立粒径与毛细渗透速度k的定标曲线;再通过对不同团聚状态的超细AP毛细渗透速度k值的测量,应用定标曲线定量表示出团聚状态的等效粒径d43,并证明k和d43均可作为定量表征团聚状态的参数,为系统描述氧化剂状态及对燃速影响提供了新方法;通过建立浸润模型,提出了应用等效粒径评价团聚状态的临界判据。大量的生产现场实验研究结果表明,毛细渗透速度法是表征超细AP样品状态的一种实用新技术。     

三角样条小波的构造及其在故障检测中的应用

本文首先给出了三角样条函数极其性质,然后在此基础上给出了一种构造三角样条小波的新方法.该方法简单易行,而且构造出的小波具有许多良好的性质,这些对信号处理是非常重要的.最后,将构造出的小波应用于故障信号的检测,与一些常用的小波相比,不但消除了边界效应,而且使故障信号在变换域内能量更集中.从而提高了故障检测的准确性.